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A suite of cutting-edge cyber honeypot technology has been developed by Australian students, researchers and industry professionals. DecaaS (Deception as a Service) uses machine learning models to create highly realistic albeit fake versions of data and digital assets that are attractive to hackers.
The Head of Technology and Innovation in Applied AI at an Australia-based cyber technology company noted that the approach of using honey pots and cyber deception was developed to rapidly detect if people have broken into a system and intelligence about the intent, equipment and processes that adversaries are using is obtained.
The project’s lead researcher, Dr Kristen Moore of Australia’s national science agency, CSIRO, explained that the DecaaS project team has created models to generate fake content and traffic, including code repositories, email servers, Wi-Fi traffic and Wiki corpora, to create a convincing and appealing cyber honeypot. Hackers leverage AI (Artificial Intelligence) and deception, and are getting far with it, so cybersecurity professionals must do the same, Dr Moore said.
A collaboration between the Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre, CSIRO’s Data61 and the Australian-based cyber company, DecaaS is in the process of commercialisation. Those involved noted that significant benefits were gained via the project’s unique working environment; students worked alongside the industry, leading to a wealth of knowledge transfer between both parties.
It was noted that oftentimes the industry leaves the problem or challenge with academic partners and only returns to check on progress or observe the results. However, the company took a far more engaged approach with DecaaS, working directly with students and researchers. The greater engagement resulted in more focused outcomes, directly applicable to the firm’s products and projects, as well as broader benefits in developing skills and capability in the ecosystem.
The CEO of the Cyber Security Cooperative Research Centre noted that it was fantastic to see the students and researchers solving hard problems. These are real-world threats with potentially devastating consequences, the team is solving research challenges that can impact how people use the firm’s new product and improve overall cyber posture, she added.
About the Deception as a Service Project
The Deception as a Service (DecaaS) project commenced in November 2019 alongside CSIRO’s industry partner. The project is supported by Cyber-Security CRC and aimed to apply cutting-edge machine learning and artificial intelligence to generate realistic computer systems and assets to deceive intruders who make their way into a system.
The industry partner is an Australian business that has developed AI tools that operate in this space, currently generating decoy documents, communications and Wi-Fi access points, amongst others. With the firm, this research sought to enable a wider range of deceptive assets, from fake users to web presence, and databases. As cyber threats increase in volume and sophistication, AI and machine learning offer an opportunity to assist overwhelmed human defenders and speed up decision-making and response. This is in addition to delivering more agile defences in a way that was not previously possible.
Deception Technology Market Projections
The global deception technology market was valued at US$ 1.34 billion in 2020 and is expected to grow to US$ 3.88 billion in 2028 at a CAGR of 14.4% during the 2021-2028 period. This is expected to be positively impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research shows that the global market exhibited a substantial growth of 12.0% in 2020 compared to the average year-on-year growth during 2017-2019. The sudden rise in CAGR is attributable to this market’s growth and demand returning to pre-pandemic levels once the pandemic is over.


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Singapore is pushing the boundaries of digitalisation for global trade, as the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA) collaborated with industry players to successfully execute a live shipment from Singapore to Thailand during the first quarter of 2023.
Using Singapore’s TradeTrust framework, this fully paperless, live cross-border trade involved the use of Electronic Transferable Records (ETR), which are functionally equivalent to paper Bills of Lading (BL).
TradeTrust, developed by IMDA, was created to address the challenges of paper-based cross-border trades by leveraging international standards and frameworks and leveraging blockchain-powered technology to enable the digitalisation of transferable documents into ETR.
The IMDA TradeTrust framework harmonises the legal recognition of digital documentation among jurisdictions that have adopted the Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records (MLETR) of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL).
Loh Sin Yong, Director of TradeTrust at IMDA, stated that Singapore has endeavoured to reshape, reimagine, and redefine global trade since 2019. The international trade ecosystem profoundly relies on physical paper records and signatures for validation.
The live transaction for the shipment of liquid chemicals from Singapore to Thailand utilises the TradeTrust framework to generate an electronic Bill of Lading (eBL) that complies with UNCITRAL’s MLETR statutory law framework, he added.
Besides, they are thrilled to have demonstrated that the industry could potentially use eBL even in the absence of a contractual legal framework, as they believe this will encourage the widespread adoption of eBL in international trade.
A shipper, a TradeTrust-enabled digital platform provider, and a vessel owner supported by their Protection & Indemnity (P&I) Club participated in the world’s first ETR cross-border trade.
The TradeTrust-enabled digital platform provider has developed a digital solution to support the key logistics documentation processes for cross-border liquid chemical trade involving multiple parties, such as a surveyor and customs broker.
The use of TradeTrust has vested the digitalisation of the transfer of ownership title, issuance and surrender of the ETR as an eBL across multiple systems and stakeholders, in compliance with the UNCITRAL MLETR.
The shipment was made using the following methods:
- The liquid chemicals were dispatched from Singapore to Thailand by the shipper.
- Using a TradeTrust-enabled digital platform, the vessel issued an eBL.
- The use of Marine Vessel Pass has resulted in the creation of Digital Passports for Ships on the eBL, ensuring that the digital identity used in signing was onboarded and verified.
- The eBL was then surrendered on the TradeTrust Reference Implementation, demonstrating interoperability across multiple systems without the need for the development of inter-system connectivity protocols such as APIs. It also enabled digital and paper-based processes to communicate with one another.
- Their Protection and Indemnity (P&I) Club supported the vessel on the basis that the P&I liabilities arising from the use of a TradeTrust-issued eBL are equivalent to the liabilities that could have arisen from the use of a paper-based Bill of Lading.
- The eBL was legally supported solely by statutory law, with no contract law or rulebook used. This shipment demonstrated the utility of an eBL issued under the TradeTrust framework in a non-MLETR jurisdiction such as Thailand.
By streamlining and automating existing processes, the implementation of eBLs has increased productivity. The advantages include shorter wait times and lower costs. This pilot builds on industry collaboration to encourage the use of ETRs and facilitate cross-border trade.
ETRs can be issued, transferred, and surrendered in a trusted manner across different digital platforms using the TradeTrust framework, which is required in the context of cross-border trade.
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Data collecting regulation, information policy, and strategic planning are all areas where Thailand is eager to improve to drive the digital society and economy. Following the legislation, a framework for government assistance in compliance with personal data protection is being developed and deployed.
As an updated version of national strategies and goals on digital growth for economy and society, 2018–2037 phase 2, the act was addressed in a scheduled meeting with a designated committee that are responsible for monitoring the previous resolution’s implementation status. To help digital enterprises in Thailand, they followed rule No. 1/2022 and set up a digital service account.
Secretary General of the National Committee on the Digital Economy and Society, Puchphong Nodthaisong, attended the forum for the Promotion and Development of the Digital Economy and Society. More than fifty individuals from various organisations attended the meeting, which was attended by Minister of Digital Economy and Society Chaiwut Thanakmanusorn and numerous other connected figures.
Strategies for propelling the E-Workforce Ecosystem Platform, the backbone of Thailand’s digital economy, were reviewed in length. Puchpong shared that integrating metrics to gauge a country’s digital economy’s worth and improving government agencies’ ability to adapt to the national plan using an organisational project management approach was key.
The processing platform for the system and architectural design is now in development. The committee has offered advice on setting up and using the forum and other connected matters.
Qualification checks for registering digital service accounts were also considered, in addition to writing a ministerial rule prescribing supply and procurement methods that the state must encourage or support. The committee reported that it has revised a draught of rules and guidelines intended to advance the inclusion of people of all ages, including those with disabilities and the elderly, in the information age.
The annual Digital Economy Promotion Leadership Programme is organised by the Digital Economy Promotion Agency (depa) to further educate business executives on the cutting edge of digital technology.
The conference gave top-level executives the training they needed to analyse, synthesise, and apply knowledge to real-world challenges, empowering them to make meaningful contributions to the country’s economic development in the years to come. The ability of a government to invest in its top executives, both in the public and commercial sectors, is directly correlated to the country’s strength, as recognised by Depa. In addition, the rise of the digital economy will impact the administration of policies and plans.
Depa also geared up to educate the next generation of tech-savvy farmers. They looked at methods of boosting farmers’ and businesses’ digital technology use. Smart agriculture was presented to stimulate the digital economy during the summit. By embracing the digital economy, the province can fulfil its potential and meet its demands.
The commercial and service sectors, including the intelligent tourism industry, may all benefit from developing new agricultural goods and services made possible by digital innovation. The initiative’s latter phases saw commercial and service sectors merging with the technologically dependent “smart tourism” industry.
Several Thai farms have already started using smart agriculture. For example, to increase the nutritional value of their rubber and palm plants, farmers in Chiang Khan, Thailand, are using drones to disperse the biochemicals obtained from the pig.
Smart agriculture is an idea that has been gaining traction throughout the world in recent years. Connecting and enhancing the intelligence of farms promotes production and addresses difficulties specific to farms (such as fulfilling growing food demands). Precision farming, variable rate technologies, smart irrigation, and intelligent greenhouses are all examples of IoT-enabled intelligent agricultural systems.
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Launched in 2019, CrowdTaskSG aims to harness the collective intelligence of Singaporeans to provide government agencies with useful insights into national issues and addresses the prevalent notion that citizens’ voices are often overlooked. The platform serves as a bridge between citizens and agencies, offering a centralised platform for citizens to share their thoughts and ideas.
The initiative operates on the premise that Singaporeans can have an active and meaningful role in co-creation, collaboration and crowdsourcing, rather than being passive recipients of government schemes and services.
Citizens have a range of ways to participate, including surveys, polls and questionnaires focused on government policies and issues. In addition, they can take part in testing prototypes for new government websites, providing feedback on areas that require improvement and assisting with translation requests.
This diverse set of options aims to cater to various interests and expertise levels, making it easier for citizens to engage with the platform in a meaningful way. By doing so, CrowdTaskSG endeavours to foster greater interaction and participation from citizens, while also providing agencies with a more comprehensive understanding of public sentiment on various issues.
To broaden the scope of citizen participation, the CrowdTaskSG team is actively exploring additional tasks that can be performed through the platform. The team collaborates with other agencies to identify opportunities to optimise the platform for a wider range of crowdsourcing initiatives.
GovTech method to better engage citizens
The CrowdTaskSG team has been inspired by the widespread popularity of the mobile game Pokemon Go, which employs GPS technology to allow players to discover real-world locations, capture virtual creatures and engage with other players.
Gamification was the secret ingredient that propelled the success of Pokemon Go, as it transformed the simple act of walking into a social experience. The game tracks users’ daily steps and incentivises movement by rewarding them with new monsters.
What made Pokemon Go’s success truly remarkable was not only how quickly it became a worldwide phenomenon, but also how it motivated people to participate in physical activity – a pursuit that many individuals were previously averse to. The CrowdTaskSG team was intrigued by this philosophy and wondered whether a similar approach could be adopted to foster the development of a smart nation.
Undoubtedly, many Singaporeans possess a wealth of skills, ideas and feedback that could support Singapore’s transition towards becoming a smart nation. However, they may lack the motivation to engage in these activities.
CrowdTaskSG bridges the gap between citizens and agencies by integrating gamification elements to make the engagement process more enjoyable and rewarding. Through these efforts, they aim to create a more interactive and captivating platform that inspires citizens to take an active role in shaping national policies and improving their personal well-being.
By incorporating gaming elements, CrowdTaskSG takes completing surveys or tasks on the platform to a whole new level of fun – making mundane tasks far more enjoyable and rewarding. Users can earn experience points to level up and virtual coins for NETS QR purchases after completing a task.
The team has adopted simple gamification concepts to ensure that they appeal to individuals of all ages. To make the platform user-friendly and accessible to all, the team has designed a clean and straightforward user interface that minimises distractions and enhances accessibility.
As a product that is designed to prioritise citizen engagement, the CrowdTaskSG team places great importance on delivering a seamless user experience. In addition to collecting feedback and suggestions through the platform, the team frequently conducts user interviews with CrowdTaskSG users to gain insights into evolving user needs and identify areas for improvement.
The CrowdTaskSG team is committed to carefully considering the needs of government agencies as well as user feedback to continuously add new features and improvements to the platform. After the user interviews and testing sessions, the team works consistently on making the platform easier to use and making sure that information and instructions are clear and easy to understand.
The team recently introduced a Leaderboard feature in their referral campaign, which led to a 10% surge in user participation. They also revamped the reward system, making it more convenient for citizens to redeem their virtual coins.
CrowdTaskSG offers government agencies a cost-effective solution as they can currently utilise the portal free of charge. It is a user-friendly, self-service platform that not only enables government employees to submit tasks easily but also allows them to review responses with the built-in data visualiser.
The platform uses MyInfo verification to ensure that all participants are genuine, and its screener function simplifies the process of reaching specific groups of people for government agencies.
The platform has received positive feedback, with many users citing how it has facilitated fast and efficient communication with participants. This is particularly advantageous for User Experience (UX) and Design Thinking teams, who rely heavily on user testing and feedback throughout their design process.
The technology infrastructure that CrowdTaskSG uses has also been employed to develop the SG Translate Together (SGTT) web portal, which is a distinct product from CrowdTaskSG. This has enabled the Ministry of Communications and Information to collaborate with the public to gather translation data through crowdsourcing.
The data collected is utilised to enhance and train SG Translate, the Machine Translation Engine, resulting in more translations that cater to local needs. Additionally, SGTT provides translation resources and a form platform to engage with the local translation community.
The CrowdTaskSG team places a high priority on ensuring that the onboarding process for new users is easy and seamless when developing a product that is intended for widespread use. Therefore, deciding between a mobile application or a web-based application was a crucial consideration for the CrowdTaskSG team when they began the project.
There were several reasons why a mobile-responsive web platform was ultimately chosen for CrowdTaskSG:
- Because there are more steps to go through, downloading a mobile application to answer a survey is a huge barrier for new users. If it is a web-based platform, new users can log in by scanning a QR code, which is a quick touch-and-go.
- As a result of the pandemic, most Singaporeans are now accustomed to scanning QR codes to open websites in a browser, which became one of the onboarding workflows.
- Having a web-based platform enabled to reach users not only on mobile phones but also on desktop computers and even fixed kiosks in the form of touch-screen TVs and tablets when agencies conduct road shows and engage citizens.
To ensure that CrowdTaskSG could be accessed on various screen sizes, including desktops, mobile phones, tablets, and TVs, the team put a great deal of thought into the design of their components to maintain a consistent user experience across all platforms.
TypeScript is the main programming language used by the CrowdTaskSG team, and React is used for the front end, while NodeJS is used for the back end. Using a single language across the stack makes it easier for developers to switch between frontend and backend development with minimal contextual overhead.
A robust audit trail is crucial for a mass-market application as it helps developers quickly identify and resolve technical issues that users might encounter. Moreover, regular performance testing ensures that the application can handle high volumes of traffic and load spikes that may coincide with marketing efforts. By doing so, the team can avoid any performance issues that might lead to a poor user experience and ultimately impact the success of the application.
Constantly being wary of malicious activities is a common challenge with gamification in crowdsourcing platforms. Users could be inclined to cheat the system by submitting tasks multiple times or completing unassigned tasks to gain an advantage in their pursuit of rewards. While not a technical challenge, it is burdensome.
To prevent such behaviour, measures have been put in place to ensure that task submissions on CrowdTaskSG are unchanged or idempotent; submitting the same task multiple times does not benefit the user nor are they rewarded for completing tasks that are not assigned to them.
Nonetheless, security is of paramount importance for the CrowdTaskSG team as they are deploying a government product. Hence, every major release undergoes professional vulnerability assessments and penetration testing before distribution.
In addition to these pre-release tests, the team conducts monthly risk assessments using open-source scans and other risk surveillance tools. The team also has a surveillance bot that monitors traffic and potential attacks in real-time to ensure that any suspicious or unusual activities are promptly investigated.
About the team
For a diverse team to function effectively, a strong product vision and shared goals that inspire collective buy-in are crucial, beyond just support and resources. Creating a culture that embraces and celebrates diversity is essential in acknowledging that each individual brings unique perspectives and expertise to the table.
This recognition helps ensure that every team member can make meaningful contributions to the various domains. Support and resources can be generated from within the team if the right culture and communication are in place.
CrowdTaskSG’s work methodology is heavily influenced by GovTech’s Agile, Bold, and Collaborative values. The team convenes every two weeks for “retrospectives,” during which they discuss the previous sprint and exchange fresh concepts regarding the product and their work approach. To capture spontaneous ideas, they also maintain idea boards to jot down any potentially useful insights for future reference.
Regular and open communication is important and members talk to each other often (at least once a day). The team values a “no-blame” culture, which creates a safe space for members to express their thoughts and concerns.
Trust is a cornerstone of the team’s work culture, with everyone aware that they are working together for the best of the product. The team takes a collaborative approach to problem-solving, with all domain leads gathering to discuss various perspectives before arriving at decisions and working through problems quickly and efficiently.
The CrowdTaskSG team proactively helps each other to overcome any obstacles that may impede their progress. A conducive culture and effective communication facilitate this internal support system, enabling team members to assist one another in achieving their shared goals.
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Pemerintah Singapura meluncurkan CrowdTaskSG pada 2019. Sesuai namanya, CrowdTaskSG memang ditujukan agar pemerintah bisa lebih melibatkan partisipasi warga untuk menyelesaikan masalah nasional dan pembangunan di Singapura, sehingga kontribusi dan masukan dari warga bisa digunakan sebagai dasar penentuan keputusan dan tindak lanjut lembaga pemerintah.
Inisiatif ini meluncur dengan premis bahwa warga Singapura bisa memainkan peran aktif dalam pemerintahan. Mereka tidak hanya sebagai pemain pasif yang menerima skema dan layanan pemerintah. Namun, warga bisa berkreasi bersama, berkolaborasi, dan menjadi sumber informasi bagi pemerintah.
Inisiatif ini meluncur sebagai respons atas pendapat yang umum beredar kalau pemerintah Singapura kurang memerhatikan aspirasi warga. Oleh karena itu, CrowdTaskSG diciptakan untuk menjembatani kesenjangan antara warga dan lembaga pemerintahan. Lewat platform ini, pemerintah menyediakan satu platform terintegrasi untuk berbagi pendapat dan ide.
Hal ini diwujudkan dengan memberi kesempatan bagi warga untuk berkontribusi dalam survei, jajak pendapat, atau kuesioner tentang kebijakan dan masalah pemerintah lewat CrowdTaskSG. Selain itu, warga juga bisa melakukan tugas seperti menguji prototipe fitur atau produk baru di situs web pemerintah, memberi umpan balik tentang wilayah kerja yang perlu peningkatan, dan ikut terlibat untuk kebutuhan penerjemahan. Sebab, Singapura biasanya perlu menyosialisasikan kebijakan pemerintah dalam empat bahasa, Inggris, Melayu, Mandarin dan Tamil.
Tim CrowdTaskSG terus berupaya meningkatkan minat warga untuk berkontribusi aktif di platform ini. Mereka juga terus mengeksplorasi tugas-tugas bersama (crowd task) lain yang bisa diintegrasikan di platform ini. Untuk itu, tim CrowdTaskSG kerap menjalin komunikasi dan kolaborasi dengan instansi lain untuk mempelajari dan menggali ide bagaimana platform ini bisa lebih dioptimalkan untuk mendukung berbagai inisiatif crowdsourcing.
Gamification untuk menarik partisipasi warga
Sejak pertama meluncur, GovTech sudah menyertakan gamification pada platform ini. Mereka terinspirasi untuk memasukkan faktor permainan dalam platform ini lantaran terinspirasi oleh kepopuleran gim Pokemon GO.
Pokemon GO adalah gim berbasis lokasi dan augmented reality. Lewat gim ini, pemain diajak untuk menangkap dan mengumpulkan berbagai monster unik khas Pokemon. Memanfaatkan GPS di perangkat pengguna, mereka harus menjelajah ke tempat-tempat berbeda untuk menemukan berbagai monster langka itu. Monster Pokemon yang terkumpul bisa dilatih dan dipertarungkan. Gim ini sekaligus menghitung jumlah langkah yang dilakukan dalam sehari untuk menangkap monster-monster itu.
Kesuksesan Pokemon GO berhasil mengangkat gim ini menjadi fenomena dunia. Menariknya, gamification permainan itu berhasil menarik orang untuk keluar rumah dan lebih aktif melakukan kegiatan fisik. Hal yang kian jarang dilakukan di kehidupan modern sebelum popularitas gim ini meledak.
Resep rahasianya tentu terletak pada gamification yang berhasil dieksekusi dengan baik oleh pembuat permainan ini. Pokemon Go sukses mengubah kegiatan berjalan keluar rumah yang menjemukan menjadi kegiatan sosialisasi yang menyenangkan.
“Hal inilah yang membuat kami berpikir apakah kita bisa memanfaatkan cara yang sama untuk membantu membangun misi Smart Nation di Singapura,” jelas tim pengembang CrowdTaskSG dalam wawancara dengan OpenGovAsia.
Lewat CrowdTaskSG, tim ingin memberi ruang bagi talenta-talenta terbaik Singapura untuk memberikan kontribusi mewujudkan Smart Nation. Sebab, mereka percaya banyak warga Singapura yang memiliki potensi, ide, dan masukan berharga untuk membantu membangun negara. Namun, talenta itu tersiakan karena kurang difasilitasi oleh platform yang tepat dan kurangnya motivasi untuk ambil bagian.
Tim CrowdTaskSG berharap dengan berbagai gamification yang dihadirkan bisa menjembatani kebutuhan pemerintah dan keinginan warga untuk berkontribusi. Mereka pun ingin membuat proses kontribusi itu menjadi sesuatu yang menyenangkan.
Tim mengintegrasikan gamification ke dalam berbagai tugas yang ada di CrowdTaskSG. Misal, ketika warga membantu menyelesaikan survei atau tugas tertentu, mereka akan mendapat poin untuk naik level. Adopsi leaderboard ini diklaim berhasil meningkatkan pertumbuhan pengguna hingga 10 persen.
Mereka juga bisa mendapat koin virtual yang bisa digunakan berbelanja lewat NETS QR (jejaring pembayaran elektronik menggunakan kode QR di Singapura). Sejauh ini, tim sudah mengadopsi konsep gamification sederhana yang cocok untuk semua umur.
Sebagai layanan self-service, tiap instansi pemerintah di Singapura bisa membuat tugas atau survey yang mereka perlukan di CrowdTaskSG. Tim berpendapat mereka mendapat repons positif dari instansi pemerintahan yang memakai platform ini. Sebab, mereka mendapat cara yang efisien dan cepat untuk mendapat umpan balik warga.
“CrowdTaskSG sangat berguna untuk tim pengalaman pengguna (User Experience/ UX) dan tim Design Thinking yang ingin mengetes pengguna dan mendapat tanggapan mendalam dalam proses desain mereka,” jelas tim lagi.
Selain itu, CrowdtaskSG Tech Stack juga dimanfaatkan untuk membuat dan menyempurnakan situs SG Translate Together (SGTT). Lewat portal ini, Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika Singapura bisa berkolaborasi dengan warga untuk melakukan translasi data. Data ini lantas digunakan untuk melatih dan memperbaiki kemampuan SG Translate, the Machine Translation Engine, agar hasil terjemahan terasa lebih lokal. SGTT menyediakan sumber daya translasi dan forum sebagai tempat bersosialisasi komunitas para penerjemah.
Untuk membuat platform ini menarik dan berguna bagi pengguna, CrowdTaskSG aktif mencari umpan balik dan saran pengguna.
“Kami kerap melakukan wawancara pengguna untuk memahami kebutuhan mereka dan bagaimana meningkatkan kenyamanan mereka. Kami juga menjaga agar antarmuka layanan kami tetap bersih dan sederhana untuk mengurangi distraksi dan kemudahan pemahaman pengguna.”
Untuk menjaga keamanan, platform ini menggunakan verifikasi pengguna. Sementara bagi instansi pemerintahan yang ingin menggunakan platform ini, mereka bisa memanfaatkan fitur pemindaian untuk mendapat responden yang tepat.
Ketika berbicara pengembangan CrowdTaskSG ke depan, tim berkomitmen untuk senantiasa menerima umpan balik pengguna, baik warga atau instansi pemerintah, untuk terus memperbaiki layanan mereka dengan fitur baru.
Teknis pengembangan CrowdTaskSG
Tim CrowdTaskSG membagikan sejumlah tips ketika membuat layanan yang akan diakses secara massal. Menurut mereka, hal utama yang harus dipertimbangkan adalah kemudahan akses pengguna. Dengan pertimbangan itu, mereka membangun CrowdTaskSG sebagai situs web yang mobile-responsive agar bisa digunakan oleh pengguna yang menggunakan berbagai perangkat, baik ponsel maupun desktop.
“Jika dibuat sebagai aplikasi mobile, akan menambah kesulitan pengguna yang ingin berpartisipasi. Mereka mesti mengunduh aplikasi itu terlebih dahulu. Hal ini bisa menjadi penghalang besar bagi warga untuk berpartisipasi. Dengan membuat , pengguna baru cukup memindai kode QR, login, dan bisa langsung berpartisipasi.”
Untuk bahasa pemrograman, mereka menggunakan TypeScript, dengan frontend berjalan menggunakan React dan backend menggunakan NodeJS. “Memiliki bahasa yang sama di seluruh stack membantu pengembang kami beralih dengan cepat ketika mengembangkan frontend dan backend dengan sedikit contextual overhead.”
Untuk mempercepat respons ketika pengguna manghadapi kendala teknis, tim CrowdTaskSG menyarankan perlu dilakukan audit yang kuat agar bisa segera dilakukan identifikasi masalah. Mereka juga melakukan pengujian secara rutin untuk memastikan aplikasi mampu menampung ketika terjadi lonjakan lalu lintas.
Meski gamification dipercaya bisa meningkatkan interaksi warga, namun kendalanya adalah bagaimana cara mengatasi kecurangan. Sebab, ada saja warga yang ingin mencurangi sistem dengan mengirimkan tugas berkali-kali atau menyelesaikan tugas yang tidak ditujukan kepada mereka demi mengejar hadiah.
Untuk mengatasi hal ini, tim memastikan tugas yang dibagikan di CrowdTaskSG bersifat idempotent. Artinya, warga hanya bisa mengirim tugas sekali. Jika lebih dari itu, maka tidak akan berpengaruh pada peringkat atau nilai pengguna. Selain itu, mereka juga melakukan pemeriksaan validasi secara ekstensif untuk memastikan pengguna tidak diberi imbalan untuk melakukan tugas yang tidak ditugaskan kepada mereka.
Terkait dengan masalah keamanan, tim memastikan melakukan serangkaian ujian penetrasi dan menilai potensi kerentanan pada setiap perilisan besar. Selain uji pra-rilis, setiap bulan mereka juga menilai risiko keamanan melalui pemindaian open source dan alat pengawasan risiko lain. Tim juga memiliki bot untuk melacak lalu lintas dan potensi serangan secara real-time untuk memastikan penyelidikan tepat waktu terhadap aktivitas yang mencurigakan atau tidak biasa.
Membangun tim kreatif
Tim CrowdTaskSG dilatih untuk tak takut berinovasi. “Tim kami berpedoman pada nilai-nilai organisasi kami untuk menjadi Gesit, Berani, dan Kolaboratif. Kami melakukan dengan cepat, menguji dengan cepat, dan gagal dengan cepat.”
Mereka juga melakukan retrospektif per dua minggu sebagai momen untuk mengevaluasi hasil Sprint sebelumnya dan berbagi ide baru. Ide-ide ini tidak terbatas pada produk yang tengah dikembangkan tapi juga cara bekerja. Mereka juga memiliki papan ide yang akan menampung ide semua anggota tim yang mungkin bisa berguna di masa depan.
Selain itu, mereka menjalin komunikasi yang terbuka dengan tim dan berusaha mengadopsi budaya tanpa menyalahkan. Dengan demikian, mereka bisa memupuk ruang aman bagi anggota tim untuk berbagi pemikiran dan keprihatinan secara terbuka. Mereka juga menanamkan pola pikir untuk mengutamakan kepentingan pengembangan produk dalam cara kerja mereka.
Bekerja dengan tim yang berbeda latar belakang, tim CrowdTaskSG mengutamakan kebersamaan dan mengumpulkan perspektif dari berbagai sisi lewat diskusi yang cepat dan efektif. Selain itu, memiliki visi dan tujuan produk yang kuat juga mempersatukan tim yang berbeda latar belakang ini.
Mereka juga mengutamakan budaya yang saling merangkul dan merayakan keberagaman, karena anggota tim sadar mereka semua memang menyumbang perspektif dan keahlian yang berbeda ke dalam tim. Budaya gotong royong untuk menyelesaikan masalah satu sama lain juga dilakukan agar proyek yang tengah dikerjakan bisa bergerak maju.
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Passwords alone are no longer sufficient to protect users’ online accounts as cyberattacks become more frequent and advanced, hence, multi-factor authentication (MFA) is necessary to reduce the risk of unauthorised access to online accounts.
There are different types of MFA that use what the user has and who the user is. SMS-based Authentication, Biometrics Authentication, and Application-based Authentication are the most common types.
When a user turns on SMS-based authentication, they register a mobile number that is linked to their account. Most SMS-based OTPs are only good for a certain amount of time, usually 3 minutes, after which they can’t be used again.
When a user intends to log in to their account, the system produces an OTP and sends it to the registered phone number via SMS. The system then checks the OTP, and if they match, it lets the person into their account.
When a user turns on biometric authentication, they will have to enrol their biometric data into the system by capturing and storing their unique physical or behavioural traits in a digital format. This information can come from things like fingerprint scans, facial recognition, iris recognition, voice recognition, and more.
Besides, when a user attempts to log in to their account, their biometric data is used to verify the user’s identity by comparing the data to a list of existing users whose biometric data has been registered in the system. The user is granted access if the biometric data matches.
Similarly, when a user enables 2FA with an authenticator app on their account, they will typically be asked to scan a QR code or enter a secret key provided by the service into their authenticator app.
Once the secret key is entered, the authenticator app generates a unique OTP using an algorithm such as Time-based One-Time Password (TOTP) or HMAC-based One-Time Password (HOTP) that is valid for a specific time window, typically 30 seconds, before changing. To generate the OTP, the algorithm considers the secret key known only to the user and the app, as well as the current time.
After their regular password has been validated, the user will be prompted to enter the OTP generated by their authenticator app when attempting to log in to their account. The service will then compare the user’s input to that generated by the authenticator app. If the OTPs match, the user is granted account access.
Likewise, SMS-based 2FA works by texting an OTP to a user’s mobile phone. To complete the authentication process, the user must enter this OTP into the online service. While SMS-based 2FA provides an additional authentication method, it is not as secure as authenticator apps or biometrics because SMS can be compromised:
- SIM Swapping: Threat actors can use this technique to acquire phone numbers via data leaks, public records, or social engineering, then bribe or trick a service provider employee into porting the number to a duplicate SIM card under their control. This gives them the ability to intercept users’ SMS verification OTPs and gain unauthorised access to associated online accounts.
- SMS Phishing: Using SMS Phishing (Smishing), threat actors can intercept users’ SMS messages and steal verification OTP to gain access to their various online accounts.
Thus, authenticator apps and biometrics offer a higher level of security compared to other authentication methods like SMS-based 2FA. Users are advised to practice good cyber hygiene by using a strong password and selecting the most secure 2FA method to protect their online accounts.
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Anto Satriyo Nugroho, Head of PR at KAKS BRIN, believes that AI technology can be highly beneficial for measuring and interpreting external data. This, in turn, can facilitate the extraction of valuable insights and aid in achieving specific objectives.
Over the past few years, there has been an increasing global interest in the field of AI technology. With ongoing developments in the field, AI is becoming increasingly versatile and can now be deployed in many more areas and industries. From healthcare and transportation to finance and education, the potential applications of AI are seemingly limitless.
According to Anto, the impact of AI on society is inevitable and will likely bring about significant changes in the nature of available jobs. As a result, there will be a growing need for the workforce to better prepare themselves to adapt to these changes. He recommends that Indonesia take steps to prepare for the impact of AI technology.
This growing trend has resulted in a rising demand for skilled AI professionals and experts in the country, underscoring the need for Indonesia to continue investing in AI research and development to remain competitive in the global marketplace.
Given that humans remain at the centre of the equation, he stressed the importance of diligence, continuous learning, and research to foster innovation and facilitate ongoing growth.
Many research labs in academia and private industry are now creating AI software. One of these AI is the subject of study at the National Research and Innovation Agency’s (BRIN) Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Security (PR KAKS). ITB, UGM, Jenderal Soedirman University, UPI, and others have all collaborated with PR KAKS BRIN on various research projects.
With more investment, Indonesia can position itself to take advantage of the opportunities that arise from the increasing use of AI technology while mitigating any potential negative effects. Anto recommended that anybody interested in learning more about AI connect with the Indonesian Artificial Intelligence Society (IAIS), a group of AI enthusiasts, and the Indonesian Association for Pattern Recognition (INAPR).
Artificial intelligence’s strengths lie in its ability to retain and relay information, which gives it an edge over human memory. Artificial intelligence (AI) has various uses and advantages. Some of them include assisting individuals with impairments in communicating and saving time. Anto recognises that AI could be applied in a wide variety of contexts, from learning new tasks and solving problems to listening to information and making plans.
Anto cited several examples of simple AI activities, such as translation, navigation, fingerprint identification for digital forensics to identify victims of accidents and crimes, and the use of mathematical methods to solve arithmetic problems.
However, he also acknowledged that the accuracy of AI-powered devices can vary widely, making them unsuitable for certain applications, such as map suggestions.
It should be noted that in certain instances, the accuracy of AI can be quite high. For instance, in Japan, electronic manufacturers have collaborated with experts in the field of handwriting recognition to develop a system that can accurately identify an individual’s handwritten numerals from 0 to 9 on facsimiles, with an accuracy rate of approximately 99%.
The Indonesian government has implemented regulations from the Ministry of Home Affairs and Disdukcapil that mandate a maximum error rate of 3% for AI-powered systems analysing electronic KTPs in the country.
Anto provided insight into the extent of AI development in Indonesia and the country has made significant progress in this area, with various industries and sectors already adopting AI-based solutions to optimise their operations and enhance their productivity.
AI has been utilised in the healthcare industry to detect the emergence of new diseases and epidemics worldwide. At the urging of Indonesia’s National Research and Innovation Agency, the country’s leaders have resolved to prepare for the possibility of a pandemic by creating the resources it would need to respond effectively.
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The government has emphasised the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of hydrometeorology at a virtual conference held by the Vietnam Meteorological and Hydrological Administration (VNMHA).
Hoang Duc Cuong, the Deputy General Director of the VNMHA, which is run under the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, said that the sector, for the past decade, has applied information technology, digital technology, and AI, and that AI plays a very important role in its activities.
The sector should collect and standardise information and data to serve as a basis for applying Industry 4.0 technology like big data and AI to make precise forecasts, an industry expert from the state-run Viettel Solutions of the Viettel Military Industry and Telecoms Group noted. This requires the consolidation of data from various sources into a centralised database system.
The sector should build a data architecture matching its specific features, use big data technology for handling monitoring and specialised data, and coordinate with international experts and organisations such as the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) in AI research and application.
Pham Hoang Hung, the Deputy Director of the VNMHA’s forecasting management department, outlined several challenges in the application of AI. For example, the sector’s database is inadequate in terms of size and the present tools are not able to analyse, assess, organise, and standardise data. A shortage of personnel for AI applications and infrastructure upgrades also needs attention.
During the seminar, attendees deliberated on strategies to facilitate research and implementation of AI in the field of hydrometeorology, with a particular focus on information and data management. They also gained valuable insights and perspectives from experts in this area.
Last year, Cuong claimed that the trend of AI applications created positive results in the field of hydrometeorology. It has helped improve the efficiency of weather forecasting. The VNMHA has built a shared digital platform for the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, including a data integration system based on big data, especially the AI application in identification to solve specific problems for hydrometeorological monitoring and forecasting, he said.
The department is researching AI applications in storm forecasting, heavy rain quantification and flood surge prediction. Cuong affirmed that AI has been applied widely and replaced many manual jobs, saved labour, and limited some human errors.
He cited the COVID-19 social distancing period in July 2021 as an example. During this time, hydrometeorological officers were unable to come to the office for a significant portion of it. To overcome this challenge, they had to utilise information technology, including AI, to monitor rainfall and flood levels and successfully carry out their duties. With the help of AI, the weather prediction and monitoring tasks were accomplished despite the social distancing measures.
Two years ago, Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh issued the National Strategy on Research, Development and Application of Artificial Intelligence towards 2030. It intended to make AI a spearhead technology of the country and help it become a leader in AI research, development, and application.
The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment has included AI as a key area of focus in its digital transformation programme. Its goal is to elevate Vietnam’s meteorology and hydrology industry to the advanced level of Asia by 2030.
The VNMHA has explored the potential of AI for forecasting dangerous weather conditions and disasters. Moving forward, their objective is to develop a hydrometeorological virtual assistant system that can provide weather information to users automatically.