Digital Economy
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Fuelling Digital Growth: Singapore’s Continuing ICT Investments
China’s Digital Economy Promotes High-Quality Employment
During his first official visit to Kenya, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong thanked Kenyan President William Ruto for his gracious welcome. He noted that, despite their physical distance, Singapore and Kenya have similar perspectives.
“Our peoples share similar aspirations, such as inclusive growth, a high standard of living, ethnic and religious harmony, and good housing, healthcare and education,” said Prime Minister Lee.
Both countries have comparable perspectives on the difficulties the Global South faces. Inflation, pandemics, climate change, rising protectionism, rising geopolitical tensions, and dangers to the multilateral trading system are all issues that both are concerned about.
Both countries agreed that it was critical for nations to keep working to establish connections in the digital economy and to collaborate on issues related to food, energy, and sustainable development. In an increasingly connected world, making connections and partnerships in the digital economy gives people and companies the power to use technology, grow their reach, drive innovation, and achieve sustainable growth.
They reiterated Singapore’s and Kenya’s cordial and long-standing ties. They commemorated the 30th anniversary of their diplomatic ties two years ago. And in areas like governance, public service management, urban planning, and livable cities, the two nations collaborate and share experiences.
Both economic alliances have been expanding. In Sub-Saharan Africa, Kenya is one of Singapore’s key trading partners. Despite COVID-19, bilateral commerce grew by approximately 25% in 2021 compared to the previous year.
Several Singapore-based businesses are active in Kenya in several industries, including shipping, logistics and port management systems, agribusiness, tourism, and fintech solutions. Nairobi is host to a delegation of Singaporean businesses. They came to look for chances to partner with and invest in Kenyan businesses.
The two nations work effectively together in multilateral forums as well. They underlined their common support for multilateralism and a world order based on rules. Singapore and Kenya decided to keep working together at the UN and other multilateral institutions, as well as to work together to improve the UN’s effectiveness.
They also talked about potential new collaborations. In relation to ICT (information and communication technologies). A Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) has been struck in this regard, allowing the parties to share ICT best practices and information and foster innovation and talent development. The MOU would also promote and improve cybersecurity-related strategic cooperation.
In terms of climate change, they have inked an MOU in partnership with carbon credits under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. This will stimulate, create, and facilitate mutually beneficial joint carbon credit ventures. International cooperation, such as this agreement between Singapore and Kenya, is important to boosting global climate action and achieving the Paris Agreement’s goals.
Both countries place a high value on talent development when it comes to human capital development. The MOU on Skills Development would promote deeper technical cooperation between the two countries in areas such as Leadership and Governance, Education, and Digitalisation. This will be accomplished through knowledge exchange, capacity-building courses, and other forms of collaboration.
There is a lot of room to enhance bilateral collaboration. Kenya’s strategic location acts as a gateway to East Africa for Singapore enterprises. Similarly, Singapore might act as a gateway to Southeast Asia for Kenyan businesses.
Both countries welcome the approval of the bilateral investment treaty and the President’s pledge to resolve the two countries’ Avoidance of Double Taxation Agreement as soon as possible. These initiatives send a strong, positive signal to businesses while also providing clarity and assurance on cross-border transactions and investment.
Singapore is eager to collaborate with President Ruto and his government to advance bilateral relations.
During the Fiscal Year 2023, two classes were held at the conference room of the Kanchanaburi Provincial Education Office to improve digital technology skills. The opening meeting of the personnel capacity building project was chaired by Ms Piyanat, director of the human recourse’s organisation, and other officials’ groups and communities attending the meeting.
Concerning this issue, the organisation arranges activities to improve personnel’s comprehension of digital skills and how to apply them practically.
Competent personnel within the office take on the role of speakers and share their expertise in diverse technological and digital proficiencies, such as web design and news clip editing. The primary goal is to enhance human resource development and cultivate a work environment that encourages continuous learning to be adaptive in this technological era. This is an effort undertaken by Thailand to recover the economy and develop adaptive human resources post-COVID-19.
It is well-known that the global economy is predicted to undergo 50% digitalisation by 2025. Among the countries leading in accelerated digital transformation, Thailand aims to raise its digital economy to 50% by 2030.
Since the start of the pandemic in March 2020, approximately 30% of digital service consumers in Thailand were new users, and the consumption rate among internet users reached 90%, the second highest in the region, just after Singapore. The report indicates that the pandemic has expedited the adoption of digital technologies in Thailand, primarily in response to prolonged mobility restrictions and the need to sustain operational activities.
The report suggests that although the government has already implemented various measures to promote the digital agenda, there is room for further action to foster the development of digital services within the public. This entails encouraging competition and incentivising the compatibility of digital markets, improving the availability of digital skills and complementary competencies, and facilitating access to funding for innovative initiatives.
Puchaphong Nodthaisong, Secretary-General of the National Digital Economy and Society Commission Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) stated that since 2021, there had been a notable rise in production and digital services, contributing to the growth of Digital GDP from 12.97% to 14.07% compared to the previous year. “These encouraging trends indicate the emergence of fresh growth prospects for the Thai economy. The effective adaptation of digital technology in economic activities showcases its potential in the digital era,” he said.
The National Security Council (NSC) aims to expand its achievements and build upon the groundwork laid in 2023. The committee intends to harness the full potential of technology, leveraging new dynamic advancements and capitalising on emerging opportunities. Enhancing knowledge, skills, and potential among the general population in remote areas.
Additionally, the NSC has set a target to complete eight significant projects by 2023. These projects align with global technological advancements, economic conditions, societal needs, and future-oriented trends.
The roadmap will progress Thailand to Phase 3 of digital development, encompassing Full Digital Transformation by 2027. This will be followed by Phase 4: Global Digital Leadership, focusing on human resource development and cultivating skills and knowledge to utilise digital technology effectively.
Thailand is committed to enhancing the adaptability of its human resources in the digital era by enriching them with digital education, fostering a workforce ready for the technological landscape.
The Victoria government is prioritising the resurgence of the State Electricity Commission (SEC) to ensure increased access to affordable renewable energy. They are also dedicated to fostering future-oriented skilled employment opportunities.
Victoria is leading the way in achieving a remarkable goal of 95% renewable electricity production by 2035, which is expected to create 59,000 job opportunities. To equip the workforce with the necessary skills and training to meet these demands, the Victorian Budget for 2023/24 is actively providing pathways and education.
To establish a continuous supply of skilled labour for the SEC, the government has allocated AU$ 5 million to develop the SEC Centre of Training Excellence. This initiative involves coordinating and accrediting apprenticeship courses in collaboration with TAFEs, RTOs, training organisations, workers, and industry stakeholders.
In line with the aim of securing future job prospects, the budget invests AU$ 7.5 million to create VET pathways for students. This includes incorporating renewable energy pathways into the government’s core offerings of VET programs in schools. By integrating renewable energy education into the curriculum, students will be well-prepared for the evolving job market.
The government is fulfilling its commitment to establishing new Tech Schools by allocating AU$ 116 million. These schools, located in areas such as Brimbank, Dandenong, Frankston, Hume, Wangaratta and Warrnambool, provide students with enhanced technical education opportunities and foster innovation by collaborating with nearby secondary schools and industry partners. Tech Schools focus on fields such as renewable energy, robotics, and advanced manufacturing to equip students with practical, career-focused STEM education.
As part of the investment in Tech Schools, a portion of AU$ 10 million is allocated to the Clean Energy Equipment Fund. This fund supports the provision of state-of-the-art learning labs with cutting-edge renewable energy technologies for both new and existing Tech Schools. Students will gain hands-on experience and knowledge in advanced battery technology, hydrogen generation, and robotics, fostering their understanding of renewable energy innovations.
To enhance students’ exposure to future opportunities, the government has allocated AU$ 19.1 million for work experience in high-demand industries, including renewable energy. This initiative aims to bridge the gap between education and industry by providing practical experiences and insights into potential career paths.
An additional AU$ 7 million is invested in renewable energy VET certificates and qualifications, enabling world-class training and career pathways for Victorians. Furthermore, an AU$10 million Hydrogen Energy Worker Training Centre will train and upskill workers in the hydrogen sector.
Victoria will be home to Australia’s first offshore wind farms. To ensure workers possess the necessary skills for both offshore and onshore wind jobs, an AU$ 6 million investment has been made in the Wind Worker Training Centre. This funding will develop training programs to equip workers with the required expertise in the wind energy sector.
The government is establishing an AU$ 50 million TAFE Clean Energy Fund to train workers for the revived SEC. This includes AU$ 6 million for the Asia Pacific Renewable Energy Training Centre, AU$ 5 million for a Clean Energy Centre in Morwell, and AU$ 5 million for a Building Innovation and Design Centre in Warrnambool. Additionally, an AU$1 billion investment will support the implementation of 4.5 gigawatts of new renewable energy projects, equivalent to replacing the Loy Yang A coal-fired power station.
The Andrews Labor Government is committed to revitalising the SEC, promoting renewable energy, and supporting the workforce with the necessary skills and training. This includes investing in education, establishing Tech Schools, providing work experience, supporting renewable energy VET certificates, and creating training centres for wind and hydrogen sectors.
Victoria’s Premier emphasised the revival of the SEC and its significance for households, as well as the creation of future job opportunities. The government’s investments are specifically geared towards providing young Victorians with enhanced educational opportunities in high-tech fields. These initiatives aim to equip students with valuable STEM skills and prepare them for successful careers in technology-related industries.
The Australian Government has released its Critical Technologies Statement which provides an outline of their approach to supporting critical technologies and managing associated risks. The statement highlights the ongoing initiatives and actions already in progress to support these technologies.
It emphasises the government’s vision of harnessing the opportunities presented by critical technologies to drive economic growth, generate high-paying jobs, and enhance various sectors of Australian industry and society. These critical technologies have wide-ranging implications across domains such as research, advanced manufacturing, transportation, clean energy, healthcare, defence, and national security. By prioritising the development and adoption of these technologies, the Australian Government aims to maximise their benefits while effectively addressing potential risks.
The List of Critical Technologies in the National Interest highlights several key fields that the Australian government is prioritising. These include quantum technologies, autonomous systems and robotics, artificial intelligence, and advanced manufacturing. These critical technologies offer numerous advantages for Australia. They have the potential to create high-paying and stable employment opportunities, attract investment, and find applications across various industries.
Additionally, they can play a vital role in revitalising the manufacturing sector, enhancing the dependability of supply chains, reducing greenhouse gas emissions both domestically and globally, contributing to national and regional security, as well as improving the health and well-being of Australians. The government’s focus on these critical technologies underscores their recognition of the significant benefits they can bring to the country.
Critical technologies indeed come with their fair share of risks, which the Australian government acknowledges. One such risk is the intense global competition among countries to develop and use critical technologies, which can pose challenges to Australia’s national security and supply chains. Compromised critical technologies can have severe security implications, as they may be exploited by individuals or groups to steal valuable information or employ them in ways that could harm Australia.
Furthermore, the increased adoption of critical technologies can elevate the risk of cyber-attacks. If a critical technology encounters problems or disruptions in its supply, industries reliant on it may suffer significant disruptions. To seize the opportunities presented by critical technologies while managing associated risks, the government has outlined several strategies.
These include carefully assessing impacts on the national interest, promoting widespread adoption across the economy, supporting world-class research and development in universities and businesses, encouraging both local and international investments, collaborating with other nations to develop technologies, protecting supply chains and establishing technology standards.
Moreover, the government emphasises the importance of striking a balance between economic prosperity, national security, and social cohesion when making decisions regarding critical technologies. Existing government initiatives are already in place to support critical technologies, and ongoing monitoring of new and emerging technologies will ensure that all Australians can benefit from these advancements while mitigating potential risks.
Quantum technology holds immense promise in transforming computing power and communication systems, potentially revolutionising our lifestyles, work environments, and interactions with the world. With its unprecedented capabilities, quantum technology has the potential to unlock ground-breaking advancements in various domains.
It could significantly enhance advanced medical research and imaging techniques, revolutionise satellite navigation systems, enable more accurate weather modelling, and improve disaster response management strategies. Harnessing the power of quantum technology has the capacity to bring about profound improvements in these crucial areas, leading to advancements that can benefit society at large.
Robotics and automation technologies offer significant economic, social, and environmental benefits for Australia. They address national challenges, revitalise industries and manufacturing, and provide safe and fulfilling opportunities for workers.
Artificial Intelligence offers opportunities for economic growth, job creation, and improved lives. It helps small businesses understand customers, transforms manufacturing, optimises resource management, and tackles national challenges like bushfires and health.
Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong expresses gratitude and goodwill to South African President Cyril Ramaphosa for the kind invitation and hospitality offered during his recent visit to South Africa. This visit marks a key milestone in the two countries’ bilateral relationship, expanding economic connections and fostering cooperation on a variety of fronts.
President Cyril’s 2016 visit to Singapore laid the groundwork for a stronger bilateral relationship. He emphasised his optimism for Africa’s future and invited Singapore to assist in South Africa’s development.
Recognising South Africa’s importance as one of the continent’s largest economies and a member of the G20, Singapore welcomed the opportunity to collaborate on South Africa’s growth.
According to President Cyril, the two countries have a shared goal of advancing economic growth, social development, and prosperity for their populations. They have worked together to build their bonds in this spirit.
The collaboration has given South Africa and Singapore the opportunity to discuss future-oriented areas of cooperation. This includes, among other things, collaboration in the sectors of digitalisation, communications and technology, water and sanitation, and skill development. They have also committed to expanding their scientific and technological collaboration.
Both leaders had excellent conversations about bilateral cooperation in the context of the global landscape and regional potential in Asia and Africa.
Singapore and South Africa have a comprehensive alliance that is reinforced by strong economic connections. Bilateral commerce has increased significantly, strengthening by more than 60% since 2018.
Singapore has made significant investments in South Africa. Agribusiness, urban solutions, hospitality, manufacturing, ports and logistics, and innovation and technology are just a few of the industries where Singaporean enterprises have developed a presence in South Africa.
People-to-people ties are an important part of the bilateral partnership. Direct flights between the two countries make travel and trade easier. Both countries aggressively encourage each other’s human capital development.
Over 1,000 South African officials have taken part in capacity-building programmes organised by the Singapore Cooperation Programme (SCP). The Singapore-Africa Partnership fosters tie by providing priority placement, customised courses, and postgraduate scholarships. The goal is to promote beneficial collaborations and mutual advantages.
Efforts to improve connectivity between Singapore and South Africa remain a joint priority. The signing of two bilateral cooperation Memorandums of Understanding (MOUs) reflects the willingness to collaborate further.
The MOU on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) will facilitate collaboration among digital organisations, whilst the MOU on Skills Development will strengthen the exchange of experiences and best practices in education and training.
Further, collaboration among digital agencies is critical for driving digital transformation, encouraging innovation, and addressing complex societal and economic concerns. Collaboration allows agencies to capitalise on one another’s strengths, accelerate growth, and achieve higher results in the digital environment.
The sharing of information, expertise, and resources produces a positive feedback loop that benefits governments, citizens, and the larger digital ecosystem.
Singapore and South Africa have had a friendship since 1992 when Lee Kuan Yew visited South Africa. The following year, diplomatic relations were established, and President Nelson Mandela visited Singapore in 1997.
During President Mandela’s visit, a Giant Cola tree was dedicated to him as a symbol of their enduring friendship. Today, this tree stands tall, symbolising the bilateral relationship’s developing strength and depth.
Singapore’s Prime Minister emphasises his commitment to working closely with President Cyril and his cabinet to advance the bilateral partnership.
The visit strengthens the two countries’ friendship, economic cooperation, and shared ideals. As both countries look for new ways to collaborate, the future holds enormous promise for further enhancing connectivity.
Recently, the Ministry of Communication and Informatics, together with the Federal Ministry of Digital Transport (BMDV-Ministry of Digital and Transportation) of Germany, held the Indonesia-German Digital Dialogue (IGDD) in Hannover, Germany. The meeting was one of the follow-ups to the Joint Declaration of Intent (JDoI), a cooperation between both parties in digital transformation.
A Joint Declaration of Intent (JDoI) is an official agreement signed by two or more parties to express their intention to cooperate in specific areas. It outlines the shared goals, objectives and areas of collaboration between the parties involved. The JDoI serves as a framework for cooperation and can cover various fields namely, economy, technology, education, or culture.
In the first IGDD meeting, both parties exchanged information and discussed the development of digital policies. The meeting emphasised on “The Objectives and Priorities of the Indonesia-German Digital Dialogue”, which encompassed Digital Emerging Technologies, Digital Policies and Strategy, and Digital Business Opportunities and Models.
This collaboration aims to promote the equality of digitalisation benefits in society, enhance accessibility to digital technology and services, and address the challenges and digital transformation.
The cooperation between Indonesia and Germany in transforming their policies to be more inclusive in digitalism holds significant potential. Through these cooperative efforts, Indonesia and Germany can effectively exchange best practices, experiences, and expertise to implement and develop inclusive digital policies.
One of the key objectives of this collaboration is to bridge the digital divide. By sharing their experiences and knowledge, they can identify successful strategies and approaches to narrow the digital divide and provide opportunities for individuals and communities to participate fully in the digital economy and society.
Enhancing digital skills and literacy is another significant aspect of their collaborative efforts. Recognising that digital skills are essential for individuals to fully engage in the digital era, Indonesia and Germany can exchange insights and programmes aimed at improving digital literacy and competencies. This includes initiatives such as digital training programmes, capacity-building activities, and educational reforms that equip individuals with the necessary skills to navigate and succeed in the digital world.
Promoting digital entrepreneurship is also a focal point of the cooperation between Indonesia and Germany. In driving innovation, economic development, and job creation, both countries acknowledge that the role of digital entrepreneurship is immensely crucial. By sharing experiences and policies that foster an entrepreneurial ecosystem, they can support aspiring digital entrepreneurs and create an environment conducive to the growth and sustainability of digital startups and businesses.
Furthermore, creating an enabling environment for digital innovation and participation is a shared objective. Indonesia and Germany can collaborate on policies and initiatives that encourage digital innovation, research and development, and the adoption of emerging technologies. It can enhance and foster innovation, attract investments in the digital sector, and harness technological advancements that contribute to global progress for both countries.
The cooperative efforts between Indonesia and Germany reflect their commitment to harnessing the potential of digital technologies for societal development, economic growth, and improving the well-being of their citizens. By fostering inclusive digitalism, both countries aim to create a digital future that leaves no one behind and promotes equitable opportunities and outcomes for all.
The delegation from the Republic of Indonesia was led by Director General of IKP, Usman Kansong, while the German delegation was led by Director General of Digital and Data Policy, Benjamin Brake.
The National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) actively promotes smart manufacturing key technology research projects in Taiwanese universities to increase the value of Taiwan’s machine tool industry and assist the Taiwanese manufacturing industry in responding to future technological challenges.
Professor Chen Jenq-Shyong of National Chung Hsing University’s Department of Mechanical Engineering has developed ultrasonic-vibration-assisted machining technology for computer numerical control (CNC) precision machining of advanced materials that are hard and brittle or difficult to cut, with long-term support from the NSTC.
This technique has the potential to increase machining efficiency and quality as well as tool life. Likewise, for intelligent ultrasonic machining technology, an integrated solution of online monitoring, on-machine optical measurement, and digital technology has been created and proven.
The use of advanced lightweight, high-hardness, and high-temperature-resistant materials like silicon carbide (SiC), sapphire, quartz, ceramics, glass, and composite materials is becoming more and more necessary in sectors like semiconductors, electronics, optoelectronics, aerospace, energy, medical equipment, and precision mechanical components.
Intelligent real-time monitoring and remote service technology for ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining of semiconductor materials, an NSTC-funded project, has produced a successfully integrated solution to improve these advanced materials’ machining effectiveness and quality.
Professor Chen is leading a multidisciplinary team that includes academics from Ching Yun University of Science and Technology and National Chung Hsing University. This project includes wireless power transmission technology, IoT smart tool holder technology, intelligent ultrasonic drivers, on-machine automated optical tool measurement technology, and ultrasonic machining technology.
The followings are the technical characteristics and application advantages:
- For ultrasonic micro-drilling of fragile materials, the world’s smallest non-contact electrical energy transmission high-speed ultrasonic tool holder has been created.
- A measurement system based on on-machine vision has been created to gauge the vibration amplitude of ultrasonic tools. With frequencies up to 50kHz, it can measure the two-dimensional (2D) vibration of the tooltip of ultrasonic instruments.
- A 1kW high-power broadband ultrasonic driver was created by the research team, who also secured a Taiwan patent. It can control ultrasonic frequencies between 20 and 42 kHz. The high energy conversion efficiency of this unique ultrasonic driver is also over 95%, which is better than the typical market energy conversion efficiency of 90% or less.
- Developed a smart tool holder that incorporates antennae, power control modules, Wi-Fi modules, IoT sensors, microcontrollers, and non-contact electric power transfer into the interior of the tool holder. The wireless electric power transfer technology is used to continuously power and recharge the tool holder while it is in use.
According to real testing findings from semiconductor industry end users, the developed ultrasonic machining technology may boost processing speed by more than two times as well as its tool life.
This technique had been applied in Taiwan’s domestic semiconductor supply chain companies’ mass production lines. Semiconductor supply chain businesses in Korea and Japan are also testing it.
Smart manufacturing plays a crucial role in driving operational excellence, agility, and innovation, allowing businesses to thrive in the digital era. It provides the basis for organisations to leverage the power of technology and capitalise on growth opportunities in the digital world when connectivity and data are available.
Also, it lets businesses optimise processes, make educated decisions, and find areas for development by leveraging real-time data and insights. Businesses may stay relevant, generate new revenue streams, and satisfy the ever-changing needs of customers in a quickly changing industry by embracing smart manufacturing practices.
The 20th National Congress of China emphasised the significance of high-quality development in the construction of a modern country. The report emphasised the importance of promoting high-quality development, with a focus on the real economy and the manufacturing industry.
Several regions have taken novel steps to foster modern industrialisation and transform the manufacturing industry. Cities are critical in promoting worldwide competitive manufacturing industry clusters and developing a complete and modern manufacturing industry chain system.
With this, the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT) has funded monitoring and evaluation research on high-quality manufacturing development. In 2022, CAICT published a list of the top 50 cities with high-quality manufacturing development, with plans to expand on this research in 2023, highlighting great cases and promising cities.
As a result, the agency is seeking topics with a clear theme, prominent focus, clear logic, and authentic materials that can fully reflect innovative practices, typical practices, and remarkable results in exploring and promoting the region’s high-quality manufacturing industry development.
The applicant city can choose to organise related materials around one or more of the following themes:
- Promote the steady growth of the manufacturing industry
- Promote independent and controllable technology
- Promote high-end manufacturing
- Promote the greening of the manufacturing industry
- Promote intelligent manufacturing
- Promote the integration of the manufacturing industry
- Develop advanced manufacturing clusters
- Build an industrial ecosystem
- Stabilise the supply chain of the industrial chain
In addition to encouraging high-quality development, the report of China’s 20th National Congress emphasises the importance of fostering innovation in intelligent industrial systems. This entails hastening the integration of digitalisation, intelligence, and networking in the manufacturing business, as well as encouraging the use of the results of these innovations.
The creation of benchmark factories is one of the important projects in this regard. These factories serve as models for other manufacturing facilities, demonstrating cutting-edge technology, efficient operations, and best practices. The goal of establishing benchmark factories is to elevate the country’s overall manufacturing standard and stimulate continual improvement across the industry.
The use of digitalisation, intelligence, and networking in the manufacturing industry provides several advantages. By leveraging technology such as artificial intelligence, robots, and data analytics, it provides increased efficiency, productivity, and quality control. Manufacturers may optimise their operations, streamline processes, and adapt quickly to changing market needs by implementing intelligent manufacturing solutions.
China aspires to elevate its manufacturing capabilities, boost competitiveness, and position itself as a global leader in high-quality manufacturing by adopting digitalisation, intelligentisation and networking, as well as establishing benchmark factories and international advanced standards.
The purpose is to encourage the wider adoption of intelligent manufacturing systems and drive continual improvement in the industry by sharing successful practices and experiences.
Also, deep integration of the manufacturing industry and the digital economy necessitates using the power of emerging technologies like big data, cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and blockchain.
Manufacturers can gather and analyse massive volumes of data, optimise manufacturing processes, and make informed decisions to improve overall performance by harnessing these technologies.
Integration of the manufacturing industry and the digital economy also allows for the development of new business models and prospects. Manufacturers can use digital platforms, e-commerce, and online marketplaces to enhance their market presence and engage in direct-to-consumer sales.
This connection helps firms to respond to changing consumer preferences, offer personalised products and services, and promote customer-centric methods.
China intends to establish itself as a global leader in high-quality manufacturing, innovation, and digital transformation by harnessing the potential of digital technology, embracing modern manufacturing systems, and encouraging cross-industry collaboration.
