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OpenGov spoke to Mr. Steve Totman (above), Financial Services Industry Lead at Cloudera about the use of big data by NGOs and charitable organisations to solve complex real-world problems and how Cloudera is involved in such initiatives.
A few years ago, MasterCard approached Cloudera to develop a PCI-Compliant Hadoop Environment2. In the credit card industry1, it is essential to ensure that cardholder data is properly secured and protected and that merchants and third-party solution providers meet minimum privacy levels for any application, database, or file system that plays a role in storing, processing, or transmitting account-related data. The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) was formalised as an industry-wide standard in 2004, originating as separate data security standards established by the five major credit card companies: MasterCard, VISA, Discover, American Express, and the Japan Credit Bureau.
NGOs are also dealing with incredibly sensitive data. Mr. Totman said, “Sure you get upset if you lose your credit card. But imagine what it is like when you are dealing with victims of domestic abuse or with homosexual victims in a country where they might be persecuted or even killed.”
It turns out that the tools and frameworks used by multinational banks and credit card companies for collecting, processing, and protecting data as well as finding wrongdoing, translate remarkably well to meeting the needs of NGOs dealing with some of the most vulnerable populations and the most dangerous criminals.
Going further, consider a large financial regulatory body that tracks stock transactions, looking for insider trades. They are getting data from hundreds of brokerages, not just structured transaction data, but also audio files, e-mail communications, and text messages. All that data is placed into a massive store, so that they can look for individual stock transactions with specific characteristics indicating collusion. That kind of logic is exactly what the NGOs would want to use if they are looking for people doing bad things or searching for people who need help. For example, organisations looking at trafficking will look at things like craigslist or discussion boards in the dark web, pulling in unstructured data in the form of video, audio, text, images etc.
Hadoop is well-equipped to handle structured data and it can blend structured and unstructured data together. In traditional relational databases, systems are structured around a data model, a schema. In Hadoop, you can store any form of data and flexibly apply the schema afterwards. This was one of the three points mentioned by Mr. Totman, explaining how Hadoop differs from legacy databases and how it is especially suited to deal with the requirements of large corporates such as banks and telecom companies as well as non-profits trying to use data to tackle challenging problems.
The other two differentiators are the significantly lower costs of dealing with large volumes of data (between 20 and 100 thousand dollars a year for 1 Tb of data on traditional databases vs a couple of thousand dollars on Hadoop) and flexibility of adding new data sources and analysing them within short time frames; a few hours compared to few months on earlier systems.
Use cases
Mr. Totman walked us through a few examples of the kind of big data applications he had been talking about.
An Israel-based data analytics company, Treato, aggregates patient experiences from the Internet, organising them into usable insights for patients, physicians, and other healthcare professionals. It crawls the entire web for medicines, symptoms, side effects, and other health-related user generated content.
The volume of data is not the only challenge. Treato also needs to process colloquial language, such as that used in social media posts, combine it with medical terminology, and translate it into actionable insights. By 2013, Treato had aggregated and analysed more than 1.1 billion online posts about over 11,000 medications and over 13,000 conditions from thousands of English language websites. The Treato website currently claims to provide information on 14,748 symptoms and conditions and 26,616 medications and treatments.
In collaboration with Cloudera, Patterns and Predictions, a predictive analytics firm developed an artificial intelligence (AI) solution that predicts mental health risk through opt-in analysis of social media and mobile text, with the goal of identifying indicators of suicidality, particularly among veterans, so that preventative action can be taken. The solution represented an extension of previous collaborations between the two organisations as part of The Durkheim Project, a DARPA-funded research program that ran from 2011 to 2015 and demonstrated the capability of big data technologies to effectively detect suicide risk at Internet scale.
Thorn is the organisation referred to in the title and referred to a few times previously in this article.
Thorn: Digital Defenders of Children is a non-profit dedicated to driving technology innovation to fight child sexual exploitation. Thorn partners with players from the technology industry, government, and non-governmental organisations, working to deter predatory behaviour, disrupt platforms that enable abuse, and accelerate victim identification.
Children are often bought and sold online, using online classified sites or escort pages (63% of child sex trafficking victims, according to the Thorn website). If technology was facilitating these heinous crimes, Thorn wanted to find the solution within technology to leverage the online information about these crimes to more rapidly find these children and connect them with victim services.
Thorn and Digital Reasoning (provides cognitive computing services to intelligence agencies and financial institutions) created Spotlight, a cloud-based collection and analysis tool used to provide intelligence and leads on suspected human trafficking networks and individuals to identify and assist victims. Cloudera’s CDH platform provides the infrastructure, which provides both distributed processing to run state of the art natural language processing and analytic algorithms on data that are harvested and organised in HDFS.
Spotlight has become the leading investigative tool for child sex trafficking investigations in the United States, with over 1,300 law enforcement users across 46 states.
Going the extra mile
Mr. Totman explained that it is not that difficult for the charities to get software or consulting services at little or no cost. But they also need skilled people who know how to use the resources and how to deal with data correctly.
Through Cloudera Cares, employees are encouraged to donate time and resources for these initiatives. And the company’s customers have also expressed interest in getting involved. They are searching for mechanisms to get involved. Typically, they will throw money at the problem. But they can also provide data scientists. Cloudera is attempting to facilitate this borrowing of talent.
For instance, Cloudera recently collaborated with Intel and the National Centre for Missing and Exploited Children (NCMEC) on a month-long virtual hackathon to focus on innovative ways to locate missing children. They also organised a hackathon last year to explore new ways of using data to fight and prevent the Zika virus. These events provide opportunities for Cloudera and its partners to contribute to the use of “data for good.”
Challenges
At the recent Strata Hadoop World San Jose event, Mr. Totman moderated a panel discussion on “Big Data as a force for good” to discuss using data for good and addressing the unique challenges humanitarian organisations and not-for-profits face in the big data world. The panelists included NetHope, a non-profit organisation working with over 20 international development organisations to identify key ICT-related needs related to the Syrian refugee crisis. Its efforts have included providing Wi-Fi hotspots and charging stations in camps and along the migration route. As Mr. Totman explained, the first thing the refugees need when they get off the boats is food and water. The next most important thing is connectivity. They need it to inform their families that they have made it till there. Sometimes, it becomes essential for their safety and survival; like during a period in late 2015 and early 2016, when applications for asylum in Greece could only be submitted through Skype.
To give someone a Wi-Fi connection, you end up storing the MAC (media access control) address of the phone, which entails some basic information about the person. The General Data Protection Regulations (GDPR) of EU include the right to be forgotten, essentially meaning the right to be deleted. For NetHope to have the ability to delete the information, they would also need to store additional information, so that later if they want their information to be deleted, they can prove that the information belongs to them.
This adds to the burden of protecting the information, guarding against antagonists engaged in the Syrian conflict from infiltrating and crippling the network, and exposing both refugees and humanitarian aid workers to outside risks. There are also the risks of a private entity or any government executing hacks that support their national interests. Strong cybersecurity and privacy protocols had to be integrated into the network.
Mr. Totman said that data wants to be shared. But he pointed out that there are concerns regarding storage, protection, and ownership. There are strict legal and ethical implications around that.
Cloud platforms offer a range of interesting options. But it also matters where the cloud platform has a local data centre. Anonymisation or tokenisation play an important role. Anonymisation turns data into a form where information about individuals cannot be recovered. Tokenisation is doing it in such a way that the data can be recovered under certain legal circumstances.
There are questions around what to anonymise and what to tokenise. With anonymisation, the frequency of the data (for instance you choose to anonymise an uncommon surname but once the user is in a country, where the first name is rare, that could be enough for identification) and the relativity of fields have to be taken into account. Cloudera went through these kinds of issues with MasterCard.
Cloudera strengthened its encryption capabilities with the acquisition of Gazzang in 2014 and later pushing the encryption itself into the chipset working directly with Intel. Today, hackers are very sophisticated and organised, sharing data, information on vulnerabilities, and hacking tools. But companies have not been coordinating in the same fashion. To bridge this gap, Intel and Cloudera initiated an Open Source project called Apache Spot.
Cloudera has developed a data governance solution called Navigator, which enables monitoring access to sensitive assets and seamlessly enforcing policies across the enterprise. The data lineage or provenance can be traced through Navigator.
Ultimately data governance is a combination of people, processes, and technology. There are frameworks like privacy-by-design which help. But there are no simple answers.
Data can be a force for good in the world, helping chip away at apparently intractable problems. But it’s not enough to have data to solve a problem. You must show how it was collected, how it was stored and used, and it has to protected all the way through. Security, lineage, and governance – they matter to banks and to charities. The transfer and sharing of tools, talent, and knowledge would help in unlocking that true potential of data, while dealing with the tricky concerns.
1Steve Totman is Cloudera's Industry Leader in Financial Services, Data Management Tooling and Ethical Data Governance, helping companies monetize their Big Data assets using Cloudera’s Enterprise Data Hub. Steve works with over 100 customers worldwide and helps several verticals in building architectures through data management tools and data models. Prior to Cloudera, Steve ran strategy for a Mainframe to Hadoop company and drove product strategy at IBM for DataStage and Information Server after the Ascential acquisition. He architected IBM’s Infosphere product suite and led the design and creation of governance and metadata products like Business Glossary and Metadata Workbench. Steve holds several patents in data integration and governance/metadata related designs.
2Cloudera is the largest provider of Apache Hadoop based software, support and services. Apache Hadoop is an open-source software framework that allows for the distributed processing of large data sets across clusters of computers using simple programming models. It is designed to scale up from single servers to thousands of machines, each offering local computation and storage.
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A representative of the country’s think tank, the National Institute of Transforming India (NITI Aayog), Ramesh Chand, formally introduced the Unified Portal for Agricultural Statistics (UPAg Portal). This marks a significant step in tackling the complex governance issues in India’s agricultural sector. It is designed to optimise and elevate data management within the agricultural sphere. It will contribute to a more efficient and responsive agricultural policy framework.
The portal standardises data related to prices, production, area, yield, and trade, consolidating it in a single location. This eliminates the necessity to compile data from multiple sources. The portal can also conduct advanced analytics, providing insights into production trends, trade correlations, and consumption patterns.
Furthermore, the portal will produce granular production estimates with increased frequency, improving the government’s capacity to respond swiftly to agricultural crises. Commodity profile reports will be generated using algorithms, reducing subjectivity and providing users with comprehensive insights. Users also have the flexibility to use the portal’s data for crafting their own reports, fostering a culture of data-driven decision-making.
The portal was developed by the Department of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare (DA&FW). During his speech, Chand hailed the platform as an investment and a monumental leap forward in the field of agricultural data management. He encouraged the audience to embrace a shift in mindset within agriculture, aimed at bringing about transformative changes. Research suggests that US$ 1 invested in data generated a US$ 32 impact, he said.
The portal empowers stakeholders with real-time, reliable, and standardised information, laying the foundation for more effective agricultural policies. He also asserted that when data is more objective, the room for subjective judgment in policy-making diminishes, resulting in more stable, transparent, and well-informed decisions. He advised that the portal should prioritise data credibility to maximise its effectiveness.
Secretary of the DA&FW, Manoj Ahuja, underscored the various ongoing initiatives by the department, such as the Krishi Decision Support System, the farmer registry, and crop surveys. He articulated that the UPAg Portal is envisioned as a public good, aiming to provide users with reduced search costs, minimised obstacles, and access to trustworthy, detailed, and impartial data. According to a press release, the UPAg portal tackles the following challenges:
Lack of Standardised Data: At present, agricultural data is scattered across multiple sources, often presented in diverse formats and units. The UPAg Portal’s objective is to centralise this data into a standardised format, making it easily accessible and understandable for users.
Lack of Verified Data: Reliable data is crucial for accurate policy decisions. UPAg Portal ensures that data from sources like Agmarknet is vetted and updated regularly, ensuring policymakers receive accurate information on agricultural prices.
Fragmented Data Sources: To construct a comprehensive understanding of any crop, it is necessary to consider multiple variables such as production, trade, and prices. The portal consolidates data from various sources, enabling a holistic assessment of agricultural commodities.
Inconsistent Frequency Variables: Data updates at different times, causing delays and inefficiencies. The portal offers real-time connectivity with data sources, reducing the time and effort required for monitoring and analysis.
The UPAg Portal is expected to play a pivotal role within the Digital Public Infrastructure for Agriculture, focusing on harnessing the diversity of the agriculture sector and leveraging data as a catalyst for growth.
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In an exclusive interview with OpenGov Asia, John Mackenney, Practise Director of Digital Strategy for APAC, Adobe shares insights from his deep experience into the changing landscape of public sector services and citizens’ satisfaction.
An expert in government initiatives and digital transformation, John delved into the shifts observed since the COVID-19 pandemic and explored the evolving government frameworks in Southeast Asia. He highlighted the recalibration of priorities and the emphasis on efficiency in the public sector, underscoring the need for a deeper understanding of the economic impact of digitalisation.
Reflecting on the impact of COVID-19 on government initiatives, John believes that the pandemic served as a major catalyst for change, driving rapid digital transformation across various sectors. He acknowledged the significance of the pandemic in shaping government agendas but also noted a notable shift in focus. There was a change in priorities, with a growing emphasis on achieving efficiency within the public sector.
John draws attention to the initial surge of government investments and rapid deployments witnessed during the peak of the pandemic. However, as the immediate crisis began to subside, governments globally began to reassess their strategies and budgets. This shift led to a recalibration of projects and a re-evaluation of the value proposition of digital initiatives in the public sector.
In reviewing the journey thus far, there is a clear inward focus that has emerged in the post-COVID era. Governments are now actively seeking ways to optimise operations within the public sector. While the return to physical offices may not be universal, flexible working arrangements have gained prominence. This flexibility aligns with the broader objective of improving efficiency within government bodies.
The observable trend of transformation programmes in the public sector is the slowing down from their initial pace. This deceleration can be attributed to various factors, including budget constraints and the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the value that digitalisation can bring.
One of the critical points is the evolving value proposition of digital government frameworks. While the initial messaging focused on time savings for citizens and efficient processes, there is a growing need to delve deeper into the economic impact of these initiatives.
“The absence of a comprehensive understanding of the economic drivers and benefits of digitisation can hinder investment and hinder potential progress,” John says.
To illustrate this, he uses the example of inclusion and reaching marginalised populations. While governments acknowledge the importance of inclusion, they may not fully comprehend the significance of quantifying the economic cost of exclusion. By calculating the economic implications of not including certain segments of society, governments can better comprehend the potential gains from digitalisation efforts.
“The move towards digitalisation in government services is not just about convenience; it’s about recognising and mitigating the hidden economic costs of inefficiency,” John reiterates.
He contrasted the situations in Australia and New Zealand, where lifestyle changes had motivated shifts in government approaches, with those in Southeast Asia where a return to pre-pandemic norms has prompted renewed waiting lines and bottlenecks.
He stresses the importance of data in driving change and underscores the necessity of accurate numbers to justify the allocation of resources towards digital initiatives, “In addition to the essential elements of government digitalisation, there’s a crucial aspect that cannot be overlooked – measurability.”
Without a comprehensive understanding of the benefits of digitalisation, governments risk reverting to older, less efficient models of operation. By measuring and quantifying the economic gains and losses associated with digital initiatives, governments can make informed decisions and continue progressing toward efficient and inclusive public services.
When considering the significant economic consequences of ineffective public services for citizens and the overall economy, it becomes evident that the seemingly minor tasks of waiting on hold and queuing up for government services have concealed costs that go beyond mere inconvenience.
Experts often underestimate the impact of traditional service channels like call centres and in-person visits on citizens’ time and productivity. John reinforces this viewpoint by presenting a scenario where a seemingly quick task could spiral into hours wasted. Waiting on hold, followed by explaining the issue to a community service agent and potentially dealing with more tasks afterwards, compounds the inefficiency.
In such instances, it’s crucial to assess the real economic toll of ineffective service delivery. While the immediate time spent waiting and completing tasks is significant, John highlights that the broader consequences are even more significant.
For example, someone who must physically visit a government office not only invests time in the task itself but also bears indirect expenses tied to commuting, waiting in lines, and potentially taking time off from work.
The economic impact extends beyond individual encounters, particularly in areas with traffic congestion or remote locations. In such cases, the effects are magnified, with some individuals experiencing a two or threefold increase in time-related costs. Consequently, this leads to delayed access to crucial services, impeding economic efficiency, and restraining individuals from fully contributing to society.
John notes a distressing reality: the most impacted by these inefficiencies are the vulnerable members of society – the very individuals government initiatives are meant to assist. This irony showcases the urgency of addressing this issue. The repercussions include diminished motivation, delayed access to healthcare, and reduced economic productivity for those who need support the most.
Shifting the focus to the government’s role, it becomes crucial to grasp the significant obstacles people encounter when transitioning to digital service delivery. John emphasises that the lack of comprehension and quantification of the economic toll acts as a barrier to meaningful progress. Without gauging the full scope of impacts, governments inadvertently invest resources in tackling the wrong challenges or inefficiently distributing funds.
Governments must comprehend the entirety of the cost-to-serve framework. This involves measuring the economic losses stemming from inefficient services and recognising that these losses are often disproportionately higher for marginalised groups. Equipped with this insight, governments can tailor their digital initiatives to effectively address the most pressing concerns, ultimately alleviating the burden on citizens and the economy.
Navigating the intricate landscape of digital government initiatives, John lays out fundamental criteria that delineate the success of such endeavours. These criteria shed light on the factors contributing to the formidable challenge of enhancing citizens’ satisfaction through streamlined digital services.
According to John, the bedrock of successful digital government initiatives is a citizen-centric approach. This entails crafting services around the specific tasks citizens aim to complete, rather than aligning with the government’s internal procedures. This approach prioritises user needs, enhancing the overall service experience.
Notably, he underscores the significance of mobile responsiveness. In today’s digital era, where mobile access is pervasive, services must seamlessly operate on mobile devices. This adaptability ensures accessibility to a broader audience.
Moreover, the swiftness and efficiency of platforms are paramount. Regardless of geographical location or network capabilities, services should deliver optimal speed and performance, enabling users to engage without hindrance.
Recognising the multicultural fabric of societies, John underscores the pivotal role of accessibility and readability. This is particularly crucial in diverse environments, where information must be understandable to varied audiences. These attributes collectively contribute to the triumphant execution of digital government initiatives.
John offers insights into impactful digital government initiatives that have set new standards for enhancing citizen satisfaction:
- Enhanced My Gov Programme (Australia): This initiative transformed from a distributed ecosystem into a consolidated platform offering essential life event information. Citizens can access transactions, navigate government services, and manage tasks seamlessly from their mobile devices. The transition was driven by aggregation, citizen-centric design, and a mobile-first approach.
- Services NSW (New South Wales, Australia): The success of Services NSW stems from the integration of digital and offline experiences. The initiative not only provides digital tools but also promotes digital literacy among citizens. Personalisation plays a significant role, ensuring tailored services and information for different user groups, ultimately enhancing the user experience.
- Government of Canada: With 42 government departments consolidated into one platform, Canada’s initiative simplifies citizens’ access to a wide range of government information and services. This centralised approach aids citizens in navigating major life events, while the platform’s capabilities contribute to improved user experiences.
John believes, “Effective measurement encompasses several key factors. Firstly, it involves assessing the Net Promoter Score (NPS) and regularly soliciting feedback from users to gauge the effectiveness of digital content and services.”
However, going beyond feedback, governments should conduct comprehensive testing. This includes evaluating the website’s loading speed and ensuring optimal performance even in diverse network conditions. Also, it entails testing the findability of content through search engines, enhancing user accessibility.
John acknowledges the challenges governments face in transitioning to efficient digital services. He highlighted the persistence of siloed operations within government departments and the need for comprehensive alignment around citizen needs. Additionally, he pointed out the importance of retraining the public sector to equip them with the digital skills needed to effectively serve citizens in the digital age.
John also spoke about the complex realm of data security, privacy, and establishing trust in the context of digital government services, sharing the pivotal role that data security and privacy play in building trust and ensuring citizen satisfaction within government services.
“Trust is the cornerstone and hinges on governments delivering on their commitments. It’s about doing what you say you’re going to do,” John believes. “To cultivate trust, governments must adhere to their promises, thus reinforcing their credibility.”
Transparency, he emphasised, plays a crucial role in building trust. By providing citizens with a clear understanding of the data collected and how it’s used, governments can instil confidence in their digital initiatives.
Transparency, in turn, is intrinsically linked to control. Citizens should have a level of control over the data they share and how it’s utilised. This extends to advanced uses of artificial intelligence (AI), where governments may leverage data to provide personalised recommendations. By granting citizens the ability to influence their data usage, governments can build a framework that respects individual preferences and fosters trust.
Navigating trust, data security, and privacy becomes more intricate in areas like healthcare and unemployment management. John highlighted the necessity of safeguarding sensitive information related to health and employment status. Governments must ensure that citizens’ health data is secure and that unemployment information is handled with the utmost discretion.
John is convinced of the role of digital identity in building trust. A comprehensive digital identity framework not only provides secure access but also enables citizens to manage their preferences. The ability to personalise data usage adds an extra layer of trust by giving citizens a stake in their digital experiences.
Implementing digital transformation within government often encounters significant resistance to change, driven by various factors including concerns over data security and privacy, unfamiliarity with new processes, and a general reluctance to embrace change. John explored the challenges posed by resistance to change and the strategies that can effectively address them.
Resistance to change is a formidable challenge, stemming from inherent human aversion to change. He lays bare the multifaceted nature of the issue, including data privacy and security concerns that may hinder the implementation of personalised experiences. The balancing act between delivering personalised services and maintaining data security becomes a delicate process, often accompanied by fears of data breaches and compromised privacy.
John further highlighted the importance of considering dynamic consent and transparency. Citizens’ preferences and willingness to share data may fluctuate over time, necessitating an adaptable approach to data usage. Governments must ensure that citizens have the tools to modify their data-sharing preferences and remain informed about the evolving landscape of data privacy and usage.
Addressing resistance to change requires a comprehensive digital identity framework that facilitates secure access, personalised experiences, and granular control over data sharing. John underscored the significance of a connected ecosystem, where data from various government departments can be seamlessly integrated to support citizen journeys. Such an ecosystem not only aids in providing better services but also ensures compliance with evolving privacy and governance regulations.
When it comes to spearheading digital transformation to enhance citizen satisfaction, John offered actionable advice rooted in practicality. He recommended that government leaders focus on specific pain points and journeys that citizens encounter. Rather than attempting to overhaul the entire system in one go, tackling challenges one at a time is a more manageable and effective approach.
Technology, such as Adobe’s solutions, plays a pivotal role in simplifying the transformation process. By addressing the technology challenges for one journey or life event, governments can subsequently apply the same solutions to multiple scenarios. The efficiency gained from this approach eliminates the need to recreate systems repeatedly and enables a scalable transformation process across multiple use cases.
The emergence of Generative AI and the rise of conversational AI models like ChatGPT have the potential to reshape how citizens interact with government content and services. While there are significant benefits to leveraging these technologies, there are also challenges that need to be addressed, particularly in the context of a distributed content ecosystem and language diversity. John shed light on these challenges and their implications in a conversation with OpenGov Asia.
Generative AI has the power to enhance citizen engagement and inclusion by providing personalised experiences and enabling natural language interactions. For example, citizens can ask questions using their own words and receive relevant information in return. This is particularly advantageous for reaching diverse groups of citizens, including those with lower literacy levels and varying language preferences.
However, the challenges arise from the decentralised nature of the content ecosystem. Government content is often distributed across various departments and agencies, resulting in fragmented and conflicting information. This poses a risk that users may receive incorrect or outdated information when interacting with AI models.
In the context of Southeast Asia, where multiple languages and dialects are prevalent, the challenges of language diversity are amplified. While English content might be well-optimised for search engines and AI models, content in local languages might not receive the same level of visibility due to lower SEO rankings. Additionally, content in local languages might not have been created with the same digital user experience in mind, leading to potential mismatches between user queries and available content.
Addressing these challenges requires collaboration among government agencies to create unified and authoritative content. Governments need to ensure that content is accurate, up-to-date, and accessible across multiple languages. This involves not only adapting existing content to be conversational but also creating content specifically designed for AI interactions.
Adobe’s role in this landscape is significant. With its technology solutions, Adobe can help governments manage and optimise their content for AI interactions. By creating content that is not only language-appropriate but also aligned with the needs of AI models, governments can enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated responses.
Adobe’s capabilities in managing digital experiences, personalisation, and content optimisation can be leveraged to improve citizen engagement through AI-powered interactions.
Interestingly personalisation is a term that often stirs debate in government circles. However, when stripped down to its essence, it revolves around simplicity and efficiency.
Unlike other platforms, like media and entertainment, where the goal is to keep users engaged for longer periods, a successful government experience is one where citizens can swiftly access what they need and then move on with their lives.
“In essence, personalisation in government is about giving citizens back valuable time in their day, allowing them to focus on their families, jobs, and contributing to the economy,” John points out.
Looking ahead to the next two to three years, John shared his insights on the trends and innovations that are likely to have a substantial impact on citizens’ satisfaction and government service delivery:
- Integration of AI into Everyday Tools: The integration of AI and Generative AI capabilities into everyday tools and technologies will change the way people interact with information. This will go beyond specialised AI platforms and become a part of common tools like search engines and productivity suites. This shift will drive governments to rethink their communication strategies and adapt to new interfaces for delivering information and services.
- Transformation of Government Communication: The transformation in how people access and consume information will lead to a reevaluation of government communication strategies. As the way citizens interact with content evolves, governments will need to reconsider the sprawling landscape of government websites and find new ways to communicate effectively with citizens. This transformation could result in a more streamlined and targeted approach to content delivery.
- Personalised Government Services: The continued push towards personalised government service delivery will remain a prominent trend. AI technologies will enable governments to tailor information and services to individual citizens’ needs, improving user experiences and satisfaction. This trend will likely contribute to more efficient and effective government interactions.
- Increased Connectivity and Collaboration: The evolving digital landscape will drive governments to become more connected and collaborative. As citizens become accustomed to seamless interactions in their daily lives, governments will need to work across departments to offer integrated and holistic services. This may involve breaking down silos and creating a unified approach to serving citizens.
- Shift Toward Accessibility and Inclusion: The increased use of AI and conversational AI models presents an opportunity for governments to enhance accessibility and inclusion. By offering information and services in multiple languages and accommodating diverse user needs, governments can ensure that their services are available to all citizens.
- Ethical Considerations and Bias Mitigation: As AI becomes more integrated into government processes, addressing ethical considerations and mitigating bias will become crucial. Governments and technology providers will need to work together to ensure that AI-generated information is accurate, unbiased, and culturally sensitive, particularly in diverse regions like Asia.
In the short term, the world is likely to witness significant shifts in how citizens interact with government information and services. The integration of AI, particularly Generative AI, into everyday tools will redefine the user experience and prompt governments to reevaluate their communication strategies.
Personalised services, increased connectivity, and a focus on accessibility and inclusion will all contribute to a more efficient and citizen-centric government service delivery. However, as these technologies advance, ethical considerations and bias mitigation will play a pivotal role in ensuring the accuracy, fairness, and cultural sensitivity of AI-generated content and responses.
In the fast-evolving landscape of digital transformation and the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI), governments around the world are faced with a critical juncture. The integration of advanced technologies, particularly AI-driven solutions like Generative AI (Gen AI), presents opportunities to enhance citizen services and satisfaction, but also raises complex challenges that demand careful consideration.
As governments seek to leverage AI and Gen AI to meet the evolving needs of citizens, a pivotal moment is emerging. The potential benefits are significant: improved service delivery, personalised interactions, and streamlined processes that boost citizens’ satisfaction. However, a challenging paradox has emerged. The very tools designed to enhance citizen experiences are met with resistance and apprehension in some government circles.
One of the most pressing challenges governments face is the varying speeds of adoption. While Generative AI offers a promising avenue for better service delivery, some government entities have hesitated to fully embrace the technology. In certain cases, there are instances of outright bans or restrictions on its use. Paradoxically, within these same government bodies, public servants are engaging with Gen AI tools in their personal lives, underscoring the disconnect between policy and practice.
The diverse cultural and linguistic landscape in different regions poses another layer of complexity. Language nuances and cultural sensitivities must be taken into account when designing AI systems. Failure to do so can lead to inaccurate or inappropriate information dissemination. In a world where AI-generated responses become the norm, these cultural nuances become all the more critical, particularly in Asian regions with vast cultural diversity.
In the quest for digital innovation, governments must walk a fine line between embracing new technologies and ensuring that inclusivity is not compromised. Rushing to adopt complex platforms without considering the digital literacy of citizens can lead to the exclusion of certain age groups, notably those less tech-savvy or familiar with navigating digital interfaces.
While the term “digital literacy” is often used to emphasise upskilling citizens, it is essential to avoid creating overly complex systems and necessitate assistance from younger generations. Striving for inclusivity means ensuring that advancements benefit all citizens, regardless of age or digital proficiency.
The urgency to adapt and adopt Gen AI and other transformative technologies requires governments to reevaluate their strategies. A balance must be struck between fostering innovation and catering to the diverse needs of the population. Collaborative efforts between governments, technology providers like Adobe, and citizens are necessary to ensure that digital transformation is carried out with the citizen experience and satisfaction at its core.
In the Asian region, which boasts intricate cultural and linguistic diversity, a distinct challenge emerges in the era of Gen AI. Here, leapfrogging, not playing catch-up should be the strategy, John says. Rather than emulating strategies employed by technologically advanced nations, an opportunity exists to skip certain stages and tailor strategies to align with regional contexts.
This is particularly pertinent for nations with nascent digital infrastructure, enabling them to embrace advanced Gen AI capabilities more expeditiously.
As governments prioritise efficiency and optimisation in the public sector, understanding the economic impact of digitalisation is crucial. Accurate measurement of benefits ensures meaningful results from investments, driving positive change in citizens’ satisfaction and societal progress. Inefficient public services carry hidden costs that range from lost productivity to delayed access to vital services, underscoring the need for quantitative assessment.
Beyond a doubt, government initiatives play a vital role in enhancing citizen experiences through efficient digital services. However, addressing these challenges will enable governments to assist vulnerable populations while fostering productivity and efficiency.
A roadmap for success would encompass citizen-centricity, mobile responsiveness, accessibility, and the integration of digital and offline experiences. By studying these successful initiatives and addressing challenges head-on, governments can create a digital landscape that truly serves and satisfies their citizens.
Overcoming resistance to change is a critical step in realising successful digital transformation within government services. By acknowledging concerns, embracing dynamic consent, and leveraging technology to simplify the process, government leaders can navigate the path toward enhanced citizen satisfaction, personalised experiences, and an ecosystem that prioritises data security and privacy.
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Dalam wawancara eksklusif dengan OpenGov Asia, John Mackenney, seorang ahli dalam inisiatif pemerintah dan transformasi digital, memberikan pemahamannya terkait perubahan lanskap layanan sektor publik dan kepuasan masyarakat.
John menggambarkan perubahan yang telah diamati sejak pandemi COVID-19 dan mengeksplorasi kerangka kerja yang sedang berkembang di Asia Tenggara dalam konteks inisiatif pemerintah. Dia menyoroti pentingnya menyusun kembali prioritas dan menekankan efisiensi di sektor publik. Dia juga mencatat bahwa pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang dampak ekonomi dari digitalisasi semakin diperlukan.
John menganggap dampak COVID-19 menjadi titik puncak yang menjadi inisiatif pemerintah sebagai pendorong utama perubahan, yaitu mendorong transformasi digital secara cepat di berbagai sektor. Dia mengakui pentingnya pandemi ini dalam membentuk agenda pemerintah, tetapi juga mencatat pergeseran fokus yang signifikan. Terjadi perubahan dalam prioritas, dengan penekanan yang semakin besar pada pencapaian efisiensi di sektor publik.
John menyoroti lonjakan awal investasi pemerintah dan cepatnya implementasi yang terjadi selama puncak pandemi. Namun, seiring dengan berkurangnya krisis segera, pemerintah di seluruh dunia mulai mengevaluasi kembali strategi dan anggaran mereka. Perubahan ini menyebabkan penyesuaian proyek dan penilaian ulang proposisi nilai dari inisiatif digital di sektor publik.
“Pemerintah harus lebih memahami konsekuensi ekonomi dari eksklusi dan berinvestasi sesuai dengan pemahaman tersebut, karena ketiadaan pemahaman semacam itu dapat menghambat kemajuan,” jelas John.
Dalam meninjau perjalanan selama ini, terlihat bahwa fokus ke dalam yang jelas telah muncul pada era pasca-COVID-19. Pemerintah kini aktif mencari cara untuk mengoptimalkan operasi di sektor publik. Meskipun kembali ke kantor fisik mungkin tidak universal, pengaturan kerja fleksibel semakin mendapatkan perhatian. Fleksibilitas ini sejalan dengan tujuan yang lebih luas untuk meningkatkan efisiensi di dalam lembaga pemerintah.
Tren yang teramati dalam program transformasi di sektor publik adalah perlambatan dari kecepatan awal. Perlambatan ini dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, termasuk kendala anggaran dan kebutuhan untuk pemahaman yang lebih komprehensif tentang nilai yang dapat dibawa oleh digitalisasi.
Salah satu poin kritis adalah proposisi nilai yang berkembang dari kerangka kerja pemerintah digital. Sementara pesan awal berfokus pada penghematan waktu bagi masyarakat dan proses yang efisien, ada kebutuhan yang semakin mendesak untuk memahami lebih dalam dampak ekonomi dari inisiatif-inisiatif ini. Ketidakpahaman yang komprehensif tentang pendorong dan manfaat ekonomi dari digitalisasi dapat menghambat investasi dan menghambat kemajuan potensial.
Untuk mengilustrasikan ini, John menggunakan contoh inklusi dan mencapai populasi yang terpinggirkan. Sementara pemerintah mengakui pentingnya inklusi, dia menekankan pentingnya menguantifikasi biaya ekonomi dari eksklusi. Dengan menghitung implikasi ekonomi dari tidak menyertakan segmen masyarakat tertentu, pemerintah dapat lebih baik memahami potensi keuntungan dari upaya-upaya digitalisasi.
John menekankan pentingnya pengukuran dalam mendorong perubahan. Dia menyoroti kebutuhan akan pengukuran yang akurat untuk membenarkan alokasi sumber daya ke inisiatif-inisiatif digital. Dia membandingkan situasi di Australia dan Selandia Baru, di mana perubahan gaya hidup telah mendorong pergeseran dalam pendekatan pemerintah, dengan situasi di Asia Tenggara, di mana kembali ke norma pra-pandemi telah memicu peningkatan antrian dan kemacetan.
Tanpa pemahaman menyeluruh tentang manfaat digitalisasi, pemerintah berisiko kembali ke model operasi yang lebih lama dan kurang efisien. Dengan mengukur dan menguantifikasi keuntungan dan kerugian ekonomi yang terkait dengan inisiatif digital, pemerintah dapat membuat keputusan yang berdasar dan terus maju menuju layanan publik yang efisien dan inklusif.
“Perjalanan menuju digitalisasi dalam layanan pemerintah tidak hanya berfokus pada kenyamanan. Namun, hal ini juga melibatkan pengakuan dan pengurangan biaya tersembunyi yang timbul dari ketidakefisienan,” ujar John.
Ketika mempertimbangkan dampak ekonomi yang signifikan dari layanan publik yang tidak efektif bagi masyarakat dan ekonomi secara keseluruhan, menjadi jelas bahwa tugas-tugas yang mungkin tampak sepele seperti menunggu telepon di garis dan mengantri untuk layanan pemerintah memiliki biaya tersembunyi yang melampaui sekadar ketidaknyamanan.
Para ahli sering kali meremehkan dampak saluran layanan tradisional seperti pusat panggilan dan kunjungan langsung terhadap waktu dan produktivitas masyarakat. John memperkuat pandangan ini dengan menghadirkan skenario di mana tugas yang tampaknya cepat bisa berubah menjadi waktu yang terbuang sia-sia. Menunggu di telepon, diikuti dengan menjelaskan masalah kepada agen layanan masyarakat dan kemungkinan menangani lebih banyak persyaratan setelahnya, semakin memperburuk ketidaknyamanan.
Dalam kasus-kasus seperti itu, penting untuk menilai biaya ekonomi nyata dari pengiriman layanan yang tidak efektif. Sementara waktu yang langsung dihabiskan untuk menunggu dan menyelesaikan tugas sudah terhitung besar, John menekankan bahwa konsekuensi lebih luas bahkan lebih signifikan.
Sebagai contoh, seseorang yang harus mengunjungi kantor pemerintah tidak hanya menginvestasikan waktu dalam tugas itu sendiri, tetapi juga menghadapi biaya tidak langsung yang terkait dengan perjalanan, menunggu dalam antrian, dan kemungkinan mengambil cuti dari pekerjaan.
Dampak ekonomi meluas di luar pengalaman individu, terutama di wilayah-wilayah dengan kemacetan lalu lintas atau lokasi terpencil. Dalam situasi seperti ini, efeknya menjadi lebih luas dengan beberapa individu mengalami peningkatan biaya terkait waktu dua atau tiga kali lipat. Dengan demikian, hal ini mengakibatkan penundaan dalam mengakses layanan penting, menghambat efisiensi ekonomi, dan mencegah individu untuk berkontribusi sepenuhnya pada masyarakat.
John mencatat situasi yang mengkhawatirkan: yang paling terdampak oleh ketidaknyamanan ini adalah anggota rentan masyarakat – individu yang sebenarnya diharapkan mendapatkan manfaat dari inisiatif pemerintah. Ironi ini menekankan urgensi dalam penanganan masalah ini. Dampaknya termasuk motivasi yang berkurang, penundaan dalam mengakses perawatan kesehatan, dan penurunan produktivitas ekonomi bagi mereka yang paling membutuhkan dukungan. Mengalihkan fokus pada peran pemerintah menjadi sangat penting untuk memahami hambatan signifikan yang dihadapi orang saat beralih ke pengiriman layanan digital. John menekankan bahwa kurangnya pemahaman dan pengukuran beban ekonomi berperan sebagai penghalang kemajuan yang berarti. Tanpa mengukur seluruh dampak, pemerintah tanpa disadari menginvestasikan sumber daya dalam mengatasi tantangan yang salah atau mendistribusikan dana dengan tidak efisien.
Pemerintah harus memahami keseluruhan kerangka biaya-pelayanan. Ini melibatkan pengukuran kerugian ekonomi yang berasal dari layanan yang tidak efisien dan menyadari bahwa kerugian tersebut sering kali jauh lebih tinggi secara tidak proporsional bagi kelompok-kelompok yang terpinggirkan. Dengan wawasan ini, pemerintah dapat menyesuaikan inisiatif digital mereka untuk lebih efektif dalam mengatasi masalah-masalah paling mendesak, akhirnya meringankan beban bagi masyarakat dan ekonomi.
Menavigasi lanskap rumit inisiatif pemerintah digital, John menguraikan kriteria mendasar yang menggambarkan keberhasilan upaya semacam itu. Kriteria-kriteria ini memberikan wawasan tentang faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi pada tantangan besar dalam meningkatkan kepuasan masyarakat melalui layanan digital yang efisien.
Menurut John, dasar keberhasilan inisiatif pemerintah digital adalah pendekatan yang berorientasi pada masyarakat. Hal ini melibatkan pembuatan layanan berdasarkan tugas-tugas khusus yang ingin diselesaikan oleh masyarakat negara, daripada sejalan dengan prosedur internal pemerintah. Pendekatan ini memberi prioritas pada kebutuhan pengguna, meningkatkan pengalaman layanan secara keseluruhan.
Dengan tegas, John menekankan pentingnya responsibilitas mobile. Di era digital saat ini, di mana akses melalui ponsel merajalela, layanan harus beroperasi dengan lancar di perangkat mobile. Kecakapan ini memastikan aksesibilitas ke audiens yang lebih luas.
Selain itu, kecepatan dan efisiensi platform sangat penting. Terlepas dari lokasi geografis atau kemampuan jaringan, layanan harus memberikan kecepatan dan kinerja optimal, sehingga memungkinkan pengguna berinteraksi tanpa hambatan.
Mengakui keragaman masyarakat, John menekankan peran kunci aksesibilitas dan kemudahan membaca. Hal ini sangat penting dalam lingkungan yang beragam, di mana informasi harus dimengerti oleh berbagai audiens. Ini adalah atribut-atribut yang secara bersama-sama berkontribusi pada pelaksanaan yang berhasil dari inisiatif pemerintah digital.
Mackenney memberikan wawasan tentang inisiatif pemerintah digital yang berdampak dan telah menetapkan standar baru dalam meningkatkan kepuasan masyarakat:
Enhanced My Gov Programme (Australia): Inisiatif ini bertransformasi dari ekosistem terdistribusi menjadi platform terpadu yang menawarkan informasi peristiwa kehidupan penting. Masyarakat dapat mengakses transaksi, menjelajahi layanan pemerintah, dan mengelola tugas dengan lancar dari perangkat mobile mereka. Transisi ini didorong oleh agregasi, desain yang berorientasi pada masyarakat, dan pendekatan berbasis mobile.
Services NSW (New South Wales, Australia): Keberhasilan Services NSW berasal dari integrasi pengalaman online dan offline. Inisiatif ini tidak hanya menyediakan alat digital tetapi juga mempromosikan literasi digital di antara masyarakat. Personalisasi memainkan peran penting, memastikan layanan dan informasi yang disesuaikan untuk berbagai kelompok pengguna, akhirnya meningkatkan pengalaman pengguna.
Pemerintah Kanada: Dengan 42 departemen pemerintah yang digabungkan ke dalam satu platform, inisiatif Kanada menyederhanakan akses masyarakat ke berbagai informasi dan layanan pemerintah. Pendekatan terpusat ini membantu masyarakat dalam menjalani peristiwa penting dalam hidup mereka, sementara kemampuan platform tersebut berkontribusi pada peningkatan pengalaman pengguna.
“Selain elemen-elemen penting dalam digitalisasi pemerintah, ada aspek penting yang tidak boleh diabaikan – pengukuran,” tegas John. Pengukuran efektif melibatkan beberapa faktor kunci. Pertama, melibatkan penilaian terhadap Net Promoter Score (NPS) dan secara rutin meminta umpan balik dari pengguna untuk mengukur efektivitas konten dan layanan digital.
Namun, lebih dari sekadar umpan balik, pemerintah harus melakukan pengujian komprehensif. Ini termasuk mengevaluasi kecepatan muat situs web, memastikan kinerja optimal bahkan dalam kondisi jaringan yang beragam. Selain itu, ini melibatkan pengujian dalam menemukan konten melalui mesin pencari, meningkatkan aksesibilitas pengguna.
John mengakui tantangan yang akan dihadapi pemerintah dalam beralih ke layanan digital yang efisien. Dia menyoroti persistensi operasi terpisah di dalam departemen pemerintah dan perlunya keselarasan komprehensif seputar kebutuhan masyarakat. Selain itu, dia menekankan pentingnya melatih ulang sektor publik untuk memberi keterampilan digital yang diperlukan untuk melayani masyarakat dengan efektif di era digital.
John menjelaskan bahwa personalisasi adalah sebuah istilah yang sering memicu perdebatan di lingkaran pemerintahan. Namun, ketika dikupas hingga ke intinya, personalisasi berkisar pada kesederhanaan dan efisiensi. Berbeda dengan platform lain, seperti media dan hiburan, di mana tujuannya adalah menjaga pengguna terlibat dalam jangka waktu lebih lama, pengalaman pemerintah yang berhasil adalah ketika masyarakat dapat dengan cepat mengakses apa yang mereka butuhkan dan kemudian melanjutkan kehidupan mereka.
“Pada intinya, personalisasi dalam pemerintahan adalah tentang memberikan waktu berharga kepada masyarakat dalam keseharian mereka, sehingga memungkinkan mereka fokus pada keluarga, pekerjaan, dan kontribusi terhadap ekonomi,” jelas John.
Melihat ke depan dua hingga tiga tahun mendatang, John membagikan pandangannya tentang tren dan inovasi yang kemungkinan besar akan memiliki dampak signifikan pada kepuasan masyarakat dan penyelenggaraan layanan pemerintah, di antaranya adalah:
Integrasi Kecerdasan Buatan ke Dalam Alat Sehari-hari: Integrasi kecerdasan buatan (AI) dan kemampuan Generative AI ke dalam alat-alat dan teknologi sehari-hari akan mengubah cara orang berinteraksi dengan informasi. Hal ini akan melampaui platform AI khusus dan menjadi bagian dari alat-alat umum seperti mesin pencari dan paket produktivitas. Perubahan ini akan mendorong pemerintah untuk memikirkan ulang strategi komunikasi mereka dan beradaptasi dengan antarmuka baru untuk penyampaian informasi dan layanan.
Transformasi Komunikasi Pemerintah: Transformasi dalam cara orang mengakses dan mengonsumsi informasi akan mengarah pada pengevaluasian kembali strategi komunikasi pemerintah. Saat cara masyarakat berinteraksi dengan konten berkembang, pemerintah akan perlu mempertimbangkan kembali lanskap luas situs web pemerintah dan menemukan cara baru untuk berkomunikasi secara efektif dengan masyarakat. Transformasi ini bisa menghasilkan pendekatan penyampaian konten yang lebih efisien dan terarah.
Layanan Pemerintah yang Dipersonalisasi: Dorongan terus-menerus menuju penyelenggaraan layanan pemerintah yang dipersonalisasi akan tetap menjadi tren yang dominan. Teknologi AI akan memungkinkan pemerintah untuk menyesuaikan informasi dan layanan sesuai dengan kebutuhan individu masyarakat, meningkatkan pengalaman dan kepuasan pengguna. Tren ini kemungkinan akan berkontribusi pada interaksi pemerintah yang lebih efisien dan efektif.
Peningkatan Konektivitas dan Kolaborasi: Lanskap digital yang terus berkembang akan mendorong pemerintah untuk menjadi lebih terhubung dan berkolaborasi. Saat masyarakat menjadi terbiasa dengan interaksi yang lancar dalam kehidupan sehari-hari mereka, pemerintah perlu bekerja melintasi departemen untuk menawarkan layanan terintegrasi dan holistik. Hal ini mungkin melibatkan penghapusan sekat-sekat dan menciptakan pendekatan bersatu dalam melayani masyarakat.
Pergeseran Menuju Aksesibilitas dan Inklusi: Penggunaan yang semakin meningkat dari AI dan model AI percakapan memberikan peluang bagi pemerintah untuk meningkatkan aksesibilitas dan inklusi. Dengan menawarkan informasi dan layanan dalam berbagai bahasa dan menampung beragam kebutuhan pengguna, pemerintah dapat memastikan bahwa layanan mereka tersedia untuk semua masyarakat.
Pertimbangan Etika dan Mitigasi Bias: Saat AI semakin terintegrasi ke dalam proses pemerintah, penanganan pertimbangan etika dan mitigasi bias akan menjadi sangat penting. Pemerintah dan penyedia teknologi perlu bekerja sama untuk memastikan bahwa informasi yang dihasilkan oleh AI akurat, tidak bias, dan sensitif secara budaya, terutama di daerah yang beragam seperti Asia.
Dua hingga tiga tahun mendatang kemungkinan akan menyaksikan pergeseran signifikan dalam cara masyarakat berinteraksi dengan informasi dan layanan pemerintah. Integrasi AI, khususnya Generative AI, ke dalam alat-alat sehari-hari akan mendefinisikan ulang pengalaman pengguna dan mendorong pemerintah untuk mengevaluasi kembali strategi komunikasi mereka.
Layanan yang dipersonalisasi, konektivitas yang meningkat, dan fokus pada aksesibilitas dan inklusi akan berkontribusi pada penyelenggaraan layanan pemerintah yang lebih efisien dan berpusat pada masyarakat. Namun, seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi ini, pertimbangan etika dan mitigasi bias akan memainkan peran penting dalam memastikan akurasi, keadilan, dan sensitivitas budaya dari konten dan respons yang dihasilkan oleh AI.
Dalam lanskap yang cepat berubah dari transformasi digital dan munculnya kecerdasan buatan (AI), pemerintah di seluruh dunia berada di persimpangan penting. Integrasi teknologi canggih, terutama solusi yang didorong oleh AI seperti Generative AI (Gen AI), menawarkan peluang untuk meningkatkan layanan dan kepuasan masyarakat, tetapi juga menimbulkan tantangan kompleks yang membutuhkan pertimbangan yang matang.
Saat pemerintah berusaha memanfaatkan AI dan Gen AI untuk memenuhi kebutuhan yang terus berubah dari masyarakat, sebuah momen krusial sedang muncul. Manfaat potensialnya besar: peningkatan penyelenggaraan layanan, interaksi yang disesuaikan, dan proses yang lebih efisien yang meningkatkan kepuasan masyarakat. Namun, muncul paradoks yang menantang. Alat-alat yang dirancang untuk meningkatkan pengalaman masyarakat dihadapkan pada resistensi dan kekhawatiran di lingkaran pemerintahan tertentu.
Salah satu tantangan paling mendesak yang dihadapi pemerintah adalah kecepatan berbeda dalam adopsi teknologi. Sementara Gen AI menawarkan jalan yang menjanjikan untuk penyelenggaraan layanan yang lebih baik, beberapa entitas pemerintah ragu untuk sepenuhnya merangkul teknologi ini. Dalam kasus tertentu, ada larangan atau pembatasan penggunaannya. Ironisnya, dalam badan pemerintah yang sama ini, pejabat publik aktif menggunakan alat-alat Gen AI dalam kehidupan pribadi mereka, menggarisbawahi ketidaksesuaian antara kebijakan dan implementasi praktis.
Lanskap budaya dan linguistik yang beragam di berbagai wilayah menambah lapisan kompleksitas. Nuansa bahasa dan sensitivitas budaya harus diperhitungkan saat merancang sistem AI. Mengabaikan aspek ini dapat mengakibatkan penyebaran informasi yang tidak akurat atau tidak pantas. Di dunia di mana respons yang dihasilkan oleh AI menjadi norma, nuansa budaya menjadi semakin penting, terutama di wilayah Asia yang memiliki keragaman budaya yang luas.
Dalam upaya untuk berinovasi secara digital, pemerintah harus menjaga keseimbangan yang halus antara merangkul teknologi baru dan memastikan bahwa inklusivitas tidak dikorbankan. Terburu-buru mengadopsi platform yang kompleks tanpa mempertimbangkan literasi digital masyarakat dapat mengakibatkan pengecualian dari beberapa kelompok usia, terutama mereka yang kurang berpengetahuan dalam teknologi atau tidak terbiasa dengan antarmuka digital.
Meskipun istilah “literasi digital” sering digunakan untuk menekankan perluasan keterampilan masyarakat, penting untuk menghindari penciptaan sistem yang terlalu rumit dan memerlukan bantuan dari generasi yang lebih muda. Inklusivitas yang sejati berarti memastikan bahwa kemajuan bermanfaat bagi semua masyarakat, tanpa memandang usia atau kemahiran digital.
Kepentingan untuk beradaptasi dan mengadopsi Gen AI dan teknologi transformatif lainnya mengharuskan pemerintah untuk mengevaluasi kembali strategi mereka. Sebuah keseimbangan harus dicapai antara memajukan inovasi dan memenuhi kebutuhan yang beragam dari penduduk. Upaya kolaboratif antara pemerintah, penyedia teknologi seperti Adobe, dan masyarakat sangat diperlukan untuk memastikan bahwa transformasi digital dilakukan dengan pengalaman dan kepuasan masyarakat sebagai prinsip panduan.
Di wilayah Asia, dengan keragaman budaya dan linguistiknya yang unik, menghadapi tantangan yang berbeda dalam era Gen AI. Sementara beberapa pemerintah mungkin tergoda untuk meniru strategi yang digunakan oleh negara-negara maju secara teknologi, ada kesempatan untuk melompati langkah-langkah tertentu dan menyesuaikan strategi dengan konteks yang relevan bagi mereka. Hal ini sangat relevan bagi negara-negara dengan infrastruktur digital yang masih baru, sehingga memungkinkan mereka untuk mengadopsi kemampuan Gen AI yang canggih dengan lebih cepat.
John memberikan wawasan tentang dinamika yang berubah dalam inisiatif pemerintah dan transformasi digital setelah pandemi COVID-19. Saat pemerintah beralih fokus ke efisiensi dan optimalisasi dalam sektor publik, pentingnya memahami dampak ekonomi dari digitalisasi menjadi sangat mendesak. Melalui pengukuran dan kuantifikasi yang akurat terhadap manfaatnya, pemerintah dapat memastikan bahwa investasi mereka menghasilkan hasil yang berarti, mendorong perubahan positif dalam kepuasan masyarakat dan kemajuan sosial secara keseluruhan.
Ada implikasi ekonomi yang mendalam dari layanan publik yang tidak efisien. Di luar ketidaknyamanan langsung, biaya tersembunyi dapat berkembang menjadi kehilangan produktivitas, akses yang tertunda ke layanan penting, dan produksi ekonomi yang berkurang. Ada kebutuhan mendesak bagi pemerintah untuk mengukur dampak-dampak ini secara kuantitatif dan merancang inisiatif digital mereka dengan pemahaman yang komprehensif tentang konsekuensi ekonomi. Dengan mengatasi tantangan-tantangan ini dengan tegas, pemerintah dapat memenuhi misi mereka untuk membantu tantangan yang paling rentan sambil mendorong masyarakat yang lebih produktif dan efisien.
Tidak diragukan lagi, inisiatif pemerintah memainkan peran penting dalam meningkatkan pengalaman masyarakat melalui layanan digital yang efisien. Suatu panduan keberhasilan yaitu mencakup layanan yang berpusat pada masyarakat, responsif terhadap perangkat mobile, aksesibilitas, serta integrasi pengalaman online dan offline. Dengan mempelajari inisiatif-inisiatif yang berhasil ini dan mengatasi tantangan-tantangan dengan tegas, pemerintah dapat menciptakan lanskap digital yang benar-benar melayani dan memuaskan masyarakatnya.
Hubungan yang rumit antara keamanan data, privasi, kepercayaan, dan kepuasan masyarakat dalam layanan pemerintah patut diperhatikan. Transparansi, kontrol, dan identitas digital muncul sebagai pilar-pilar utama dalam membangun dan merawat kepercayaan. Dengan memastikan bahwa data dikelola dengan tanggung jawab dan masyarakat memiliki kendali atas penggunaannya, pemerintah tidak hanya dapat meningkatkan layanan mereka tetapi juga membina rasa keamanan dan keyakinan di antara masyarakat.
Mengatasi resistensi terhadap perubahan adalah langkah penting dalam mewujudkan transformasi digital yang berhasil dalam layanan pemerintah. Dengan mengakui kekhawatiran, mengadopsi persetujuan dinamis, dan memanfaatkan teknologi untuk menyederhanakan proses, pemimpin pemerintah dapat menavigasi jalan menuju peningkatan kepuasan masyarakat, pengalaman yang dipersonalisasi, dan ekosistem yang mengutamakan keamanan data dan privasi.
Saat pemerintah berjuang dengan implikasi Gen AI dan transformasi digital, suatu persimpangan penting telah tercapai. Potensi untuk meningkatkan layanan dan kepuasan tidak dapat disangkal, tetapi hanya jika pemerintah dengan bijaksana mengatasi tantangan-tantangan tersebut. Inklusivitas, sensitivitas budaya, dan upaya kolaboratif adalah kunci dalam membentuk masa depan di mana Gen AI meningkatkan interaksi antara pemerintah dan masyarakat, tanpa meninggalkan siapa pun.
Munculnya Generative AI dan model AI percakapan membawa peluang dan tantangan bagi layanan pemerintah. Sementara manfaat interaksi yang dipersonalisasi dan inklusif bagi masyarakat sangat besar, pemerintah perlu secara proaktif mengatasi tantangan yang dihadapi oleh ekosistem konten yang terfragmentasi, keragaman bahasa, dan potensi untuk penyebaran informasi yang salah.
Kerja sama, optimalisasi konten, dan memanfaatkan solusi teknologi seperti yang ditawarkan oleh Adobe dapat membantu mengatasi tantangan-tantangan ini dan memastikan bahwa interaksi yang didukung oleh AI memberikan informasi yang akurat, relevan, dan berharga kepada masyarakat dalam berbagai bahasa dan konteks.
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In an era defined by rapid technological advancements, the world of healthcare has witnessed a remarkable transformation. The integration of technology and innovation into medical practices has not only improved treatment outcomes but has also significantly altered the way healthcare is delivered.
One individual at the forefront of this healthcare revolution is Prof Lawrence Ho Khek-Yu, a distinguished Senior Consultant, Professor, and Director of the Centre for Innovation in Healthcare at the National University Health System (NUHS) in Singapore. Prof Lawrence shed light on the profound impact of COVID-19 on healthcare practices and emphasised the importance of embracing digital solutions to enhance accessibility and equality in healthcare.
The COVID-19 pandemic has catalysed a paradigm shift in healthcare delivery. With social distancing measures in place, traditional healthcare practices faced unprecedented challenges. In response, telemedicine emerged as a vital solution.
Prof Lawrence noted that teleconsultations rapidly gained popularity, allowing patients and healthcare providers to adapt to this innovative mode of healthcare delivery. While telemedicine has shown promise, it is just one piece of the puzzle in the larger landscape of digital healthcare.
One of the hurdles encountered in the digitalisation of healthcare is the lack of an integrated ecosystem. Video consultations, while prevalent, are only a fraction of what a comprehensive healthcare system should encompass.
Prof Lawrence identified issues such as the scarcity of examination tools and delays in medication delivery as substantial obstacles. Additionally, the limited access to medical information and the inability to provide detailed explanations or drawings during virtual consultations can impede the progress of telemedicine.
Another challenge that cannot be overlooked is the diverse demographic of healthcare consumers. Elderly patients and other segments of society may face difficulties in adapting to technology. Furthermore, telemedicine cannot fully replicate the nonverbal and emotional aspects of in-person interactions. To bridge these gaps, Prof Lawrence emphasised the need for continuous refinement and expansion of telemedicine, making it more inclusive and user-friendly.
While telemedicine represents a significant step forward, Prof Lawrence stressed the need for the medical industry to evolve further. Current diagnostic techniques primarily rely on the five senses, limiting the scope of patient data collection.
The integration of sensors and artificial intelligence (AI) technology offers a promising avenue for collecting more accurate and comprehensive patient data. This, in turn, can lead to more precise diagnoses and tailored treatment plans, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
However, Prof Lawrence cautioned against a rush toward dramatic changes driven by hype. He argued that current medical developments often prioritise the interests of developers and creators over the end-users, leading to a lack of user-centricity. Instead, he advocated for a more gradual and deliberate approach to medical development, with an increased focus on cost-effectiveness and aligning innovations with the specific needs and preferences of patients, healthcare providers, and other stakeholders.
In addition to the medical community, Prof Lawrence called upon academia and investors to play a pivotal role in shaping the future of healthcare. He urged academia to shift its focus from research-driven solely by academic interests to practical applications that address real-world healthcare challenges. As for investors, he emphasised the importance of addressing population-level issues rather than concentrating solely on niche areas.
As global populations continue to age, addressing the healthcare requirements of an ageing demographic has become increasingly critical. Prof Lawrence drew attention to the example of Singapore, which has successfully implemented technology to support its elderly population. He encouraged startups and investors to explore this growing market segment and develop innovations tailored to the unique needs of older individuals.
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The University of Wollongong (UOW) and the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur have joined forces in a pioneering effort funded by the Australia-India Cyber and Critical Technology Partnership. This grant, facilitated by the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), is poised to advance the field of privacy in cloud computing, a critical domain in today’s rapidly evolving technological landscape.
Heading this ambitious project is Distinguished Professor Willy Susilo, an ARC Australian Laureate Fellow at UOW. His team, which includes experts such as Dr. Khoa Nguyen, Dr. Yannan Li (an ARC Discovery Early Career Researcher Award Fellow), and Dr Partha Sarathi Roy, will collaborate with Professor Manindra Agrawal from IIT Kanpur. Together, they are committed to exploring and developing practical cryptographic techniques that enhance privacy in cloud computing.
Cloud computing has become an indispensable component of contemporary life, permeating various aspects, from data storage and processing to document sharing and international collaboration. However, this ubiquity also introduces significant challenges when it comes to safeguarding sensitive information. While the art of digital cryptography offers essential tools for data protection in the cloud, conventional techniques may not be sufficiently equipped to address the unique privacy and security intricacies presented by modern cloud computing.
A key aspect of this initiative involves the standardisation of cryptographic techniques. Standardisation ensures that these methods are not only robust but also interoperable, capable of seamless integration across diverse cloud platforms, applications, and countries.
The primary objective of this project is to identify standardisation challenges within the realm of cloud computing privacy and security, both in Australia and India. Subsequently, these challenges will be met head-on with innovative privacy-enhancing cryptographic methodologies. The research team will evaluate the effectiveness of existing technologies, measuring their real-world impact, and validating whether they achieve the desired standardisation levels.
Professor Susilo underscores the strategic importance of this endeavour, stating that it will position UOW firmly within India through collaborative research efforts. UOW’s Institute of Cybersecurity and Cryptology has consistently been at the forefront of cybersecurity research in Australia. This project will leverage its strategic position and foster a robust partnership with its Indian counterpart, IIT Kanpur. Furthermore, it has the potential to strengthen Australia-India collaboration in the realm of cybersecurity standardisation, promising a future marked by enhanced digital security and privacy.
In addition to its academic partnerships, the team will leverage the support of industry giants. These corporate collaborations will provide invaluable resources and real-world insights to inform the development of privacy-enhancing cryptographic techniques. Simultaneously, the project will also engage with startups from UOW’s business incubator, iAccelarate and Indian companies, fostering a collaborative ecosystem that spans the spectrum of technological innovation.
Recognising the complexity and multifaceted nature of privacy concerns in cloud computing, the project will also tap into the expertise of the UOW School of Law. Legal scholars will provide consultation and insights, ensuring that the research aligns seamlessly with privacy and legal standards, further enhancing its practicality and real-world applicability.
The significance of this collaborative effort transcends borders and disciplines. By addressing the critical challenges posed by cloud computing security and privacy, it not only advances the field of cryptography but also contributes to the broader goals of cybersecurity and technological innovation. As our reliance on cloud computing continues to grow, ensuring the privacy and security of sensitive data is paramount. This project promises to deliver tangible solutions that will not only benefit Australia and India but also have a ripple effect, influencing global standards in the field of cloud computing privacy and security.
The partnership between the University of Wollongong and the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, supported by the Australia-India Cyber and Critical Technology Partnership grant, represents a significant step forward in the quest to enhance privacy in cloud computing.
With a diverse team of experts, strong industry collaborations, and a commitment to standardisation, this initiative holds the promise of advancing both the academic and practical aspects of cybersecurity, contributing to a safer and more secure digital future for all.
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The effectiveness of GovTech’s Asynchronous Data Exchange (ADEX) in enabling the safe transmission and reception of real-time, lightweight data for both Whole-of-Government (WOG) and local businesses has been recognised on a worldwide scale. API Exchange (APEX) and Cloud File Transfer (CFT) are other important elements of the Communications Pillar of the Singapore Government Tech Stack (SGTS), which also includes ADEX.
The Sensor Data Exchange (SDX), which was later merged into the Smart Nation Sensor Platform (SNSP), was the original name of ADEX. It has since changed, though, to facilitate the sharing of both sensor and non-sensor data. In this context, processed sensor data, such as raw sensor data that has undergone processing and analysis, may be considered non-sensor data.
ADEX makes it easier to find and share event data over the Internet and Intranet, including real-time status updates and event streams. Publishers have the freedom to choose who receives these updates, while subscribers receive them immediately when the events are published.
Data up to the “restricted” classification level can be shared via the Government on Commercial Cloud (GCC)-deployed ADEX system without being considered sensitive. Through a self-service portal on the Internet and Intranet of the GCC, it enables government agencies to post and subscribe to real-time data.
The ADEX team has determined that the most frequent and pervasive security issues for an event streaming platform are “Insider Threats” and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) assaults. When a user improperly or unintentionally uses the platform, insider risks become a problem.
The team put multi-factor authentication and role-based policies in place to lessen this risk. To further guard against DDoS assaults disrupting the system, they have defined utilisation threshold limits and continually monitor them.
To guarantee that users have accurate control over the data stream access, user profiles must be maintained properly.
The platform uses Transport Layer Security (TLS) channels for communication and is compatible with widely used data protocols. To guarantee that users have accurate control over the data stream access, user profiles must be maintained properly.
The ADEX team highlights how important it is to examine the immediately accessible data, confirm the source of the data, and comprehend where and how the data is extracted in addition to the information, such as descriptions and tags, provided by the data source. It is crucial to employ validations to make sure the data is secure and to be watchful for problems when consuming the data.
As with any other sort of platform, it is crucial to include secure user passwords, multi-factor authentication, and reliable encryption solutions for data in transit and at rest. Users must routinely update their software and systems with the most recent security patches and updates to protect themselves from exploitable flaws. They should also follow accepted security procedures and implement as many security measures as their finances would allow.
The group looked at the differences between APEX and ADEX. They disclosed that APEX is an API platform created for centralised, secure government service access that largely uses HTTP REST to make this access possible.
Although ADEX is the government’s centralised event data exchange, it provides more freedom in how government institutions transmit real-time data. It makes it easier to find and subscribe to real-time data from various sources. Additionally, an approval procedure gives data access more precise control by guaranteeing that only approved people may view data.
The team gains from using analytics since they must examine usage numbers and patterns for messaging, which enables them to continuously enhance the system’s functionality and better serve users. They may make wise decisions and gradually improve ADEX by gathering knowledge of system performance and user needs.
The National Environment Agency (NEA) can exchange vital environmental information with stakeholders through ADEX, which is now functioning and serving the needs of numerous government entities. By making updated environmental data like rainfall, temperature, wind speed, and wind direction available to the public, NEA can increase stakeholder participation and information distribution.
It takes persistence and time to create and foster a collaborative culture within government organisations. Although agencies are experts in their fields, it’s possible that they are not aware of the ways in which their data might benefit other agencies.
The team is hopeful that agencies will be open to sharing their data on ADEX, enabling other agencies to independently scout the market and find new prospects. Public organisations may improve their overall operations and service delivery, make better judgements, and respond to emergencies more skillfully with real-time access to reliable data.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming industries at an astounding rate in the era of large-scale model technology advancements. Data has become a key asset as the foundation for AI development. A lack of high-quality training data, poor data governance, and ineffective data supply and demand processes are some of the issues China’s AI business is facing. These difficulties limit the development and innovation of generative AI in the nation.
The China Artificial Intelligence Industry Development Alliance (AIIA) has taken a proactive move to solve the issue of AI data shortage by forming a “Data Committee.” Inauguration ceremonies for the AIIA Data Committee are scheduled for mid-October 2023.
As soon as it is established, the committee intends to work closely with several organisations, including the China Communications Standards Association Big Data Technology Standards Promotion Committee (CCSA TC601) and the Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Key Technology and Application Evaluation of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. They hope to further industry research, standardisation, technology use, and related efforts collectively.
The group will serve as a catalyst for cooperation amongst many stakeholders, including data resource suppliers, data annotation specialists, and data consumers. Its main goal is to promote cooperation in the collection of AI data resources, demand analysis, data processing, and simplifying frictionless data exchanges between data suppliers and consumers. Through improved accessibility to essential data resources, this cooperative initiative seeks to strengthen the AI data set sector.
The committee will take the lead in creating key elements for data production, augmentation, maintenance, labelling, governance, and synthesis with a focus on cutting-edge technologies and tool platforms. Additionally, it will support the use of cutting-edge technologies like data synthesis, encouraging teamwork in research and promoting their practical applications.
The creation of a thorough AI data governance standard system is one of the committee’s crucial tasks. The complete lifetime of AI training data will be covered by this system, from data collection and annotation to quality control and open sharing. Enhancing training data quality ultimately aims to ensure authenticity, correctness, diversity, and traceability.
The group will concentrate its efforts on sectors that rely on data substantially, including finance, retail, manufacturing, and education. Here, it will examine cutting-edge AI data application scenarios and encourage original methods for utilising data for AI-driven developments in various fields.
The committee will explore the world of win-win business models while working closely with data owners, trainers, and processors. To produce policy recommendations suited to AI training data scenarios, it will chronicle industry best practices and collaborate with advances in the national data infrastructure.
The AIIA Data Committee cordially invites all team leader units, deputy leader units, and member units to participate in this revolutionary project. The initial group of beginning units have until September 30, 2023, to record their participation as pioneers in this programme.
An important turning point has been reached in China’s quest to realise the full potential of artificial intelligence with the establishment of the AIIA Data Committee. This project aims to accelerate AI development, boost innovation, and maintain China’s position as a worldwide leader in the area by addressing significant data-related difficulties and encouraging collaboration among industry players. As this committee sets off on its quest to influence the future of AI, keep an eye out for updates.