June 30, 2022

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Personal Data Protection Commission introduces initiatives to encourage data innovation

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The Personal Data Protection Commission (PDPC) yesterday introduced three new initiatives to facilitate the movement and use of data to support innovation, and to strengthen accountability among organisations.

The first being a  public consultation to seek views on proposed data portability and data innovation provisions, as part of the review of the Personal Data Protection Act 2012 (PDPA) and a new Guide on Active Enforcement as part of its drive for organisations to shift from compliance to accountability; and an updated Guide to Managing Data Breaches 2.0, to help organisations manage and respond to data breaches more effectively.

These were announced by Deputy Commissioner of PDPC, Mr Yeong Zee Kin at the “Know Ahead to Stay Ahead – Leadership’s Engagement in Data Protection” session. The event, co-organised by the PDPC and Singapore Business Federation, and supported by the Law Society of Singapore, is part of Singapore’s week-long Privacy Awareness Week, a global initiative by the Asia Pacific Privacy Authorities.

Mr Yeong said, “Data is a key enabler of digital transformation, but a balance must be achieved between data protection and business innovation. We are taking firm steps to position Singapore as a trusted data hub in the global Digital Economy by seeking feedback on the proposed data portability and innovation provisions, as well as test bedding data breach notification measures.”

“The PDPC also recognises the importance of being responsive and agile in enforcing data protection in an environment of fast evolving data use, coupled with sweeping technological advances. Hence, the PDPC has converted its knowledge and experience in investigations to practical enforcement approaches in a Guide to Active Enforcement which businesses can refer to, and also updated the Guide to Managing Data Breaches.”

Data Portability and Data Innovation Provisions Public Consultation 

Firstly, the PDPC launched its third public consultation under the ongoing review of the PDPA, to seek feedback and views on the proposed introduction of the data portability and data innovation provisions. This consultation builds on the data portability discussion paper launched in February 2019.

The proposed data portability provision will provide individuals with greater control over their personal data and enable greater access to more data by organisations to facilitate data flows and increase innovation, while the proposed data innovation provision makes it clear that organisations can use data for appropriate business purposes without individuals’ consent. Collectively, the proposals provide a balancedregulatory approach to empower consumer choice and support innovation in a Digital Economy.

This approach is aligned with a global push towards data portability, with jurisdictions such as the European Union, Australia, India, Japan and New Zealand either having implemented or planning to implement data portability in their respective data protection regimes. Such alignment is crucial to ensuring that the PDPA keeps pace with progressive global developments and go towards strengthening international recognition of Singapore’s data protection regime.

Singapore Joins Exercise Red Flag to Combat Electronic Warfare

Image credits: www.mindef.gov.sg
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The mission scenarios were complex and realistic, encompassing modern tactics and electronic warfare during the recently concluded large-scale air-to-air combat exercise dubbed Exercise Red Flag – Alaska. The Republic of Singapore Air Force (RSAF) has completed its participation in this exercise which was hosted by the United States Air Force (USAF) at Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska.

The RSAF deployed 10 RSAF F-15SG fighter aircraft and over 140 RSAF personnel from Peace Carvin V (PC V) Detachment to participate in which the airmen and women were able to share their abilities with those of the USAF and collaborated closely to achieve their mission objectives.

“Exercise Red Flag – Alaska is an important opportunity for RSAF personnel to train and sharpen our operational competencies. We are thankful to the USAF for being generous hosts, and look forward to future opportunities to train together,” says LTC Shewan Goh, the RSAF PC V Detachment Commander.

More than 70 aircraft participated in this edition of Exercise Red Flag – Alaska, including USAF F-18, F-16, EA-18G, and A-10 fighter aircraft. The RSAF and USAF collaborated on integrated missions in realistic threat and combat scenarios, honing combat readiness and sharpening operational competencies.

Having other forces exercise alongside the USAF improves its joint interoperability. They can put their capabilities to the test through Exercise Red Flag, which provides a demanding and realistic combat scenario.

During the exercise, the RSAF demonstrated exceptional tactics and competencies while bringing significant capability to the fight. Through such exercises, they can also continue to hone how they work together and strengthen their professional and personal relationships.

Since 1984, the RSAF has taken part in Exercise Red Flag – Alaska (previously known as Exercise Cope Thunder). The exercise highlights Singapore and the United States’ excellent and long-standing defence relationship. It improves professionalism and coordination among participating forces and allows the RSAF to benchmark itself against other leading air forces.

Meanwhile, the 16th ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting (ADMM), which was attended by Minister of Defence Dr Ng Eng Hen, adopted the Joint Declaration on Defence Cooperation to Strengthen Solidarity for Harmonized Security.

The Declaration reaffirmed the countries’ commitment to strengthening strategic dialogue and practical defence cooperation through the ADMM and ADMM-Plus as the region’s key security architecture, as well as the importance of ASEAN centrality and the need to uphold a rules-based order based on international law. Dr Ng emphasised that the discussion was fruitful and covered a wide range of current security issues, including cyber and information threats.

The ADMM Cybersecurity and Information Centre of Excellence (ACICE), which is based in Singapore and was set up last year to share information and build capacity against threats in the cyber and information domains, was given its Terms of Reference at the meeting.

Additionally, ADMM-ACICE aims to promote knowledge exchange and capacity building among the ASEAN member states’ defence establishments to combat cyberattacks, disinformation campaigns, and false information. The centre will support the ASEAN Cyber Defence Network in fostering regional exchanges, engagements, and cooperation on cyber-security issues, according to the Singapore Ministry of Defence (MINDEF).

Furthermore, the 16th ADMM also adopted the Phnom Penh Vision on the Role of Defence Establishments in Support of COVID-19 Recovery, co-sponsored by Cambodia and Singapore.

The ASEAN Centre of Military Medicine and the Network of ASEAN Chemical, Biological and Radiological (CBR) Defence Experts are two ways in which the ADMM has contributed to national COVID-19 initiatives that are recognised in the Vision. It commits to continuing cooperation to aid the region’s recovery from the pandemic, such as by utilising the Network of ASEAN CBR Defence Experts to share information and lessons learned in combating the pandemic.

Singapore to Trial Pilot-Controller Satellite Communication

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To conduct a proof-of-concept on the use of space-based Very High Frequency (VHF) voice for communication between pilots and air traffic controllers for air traffic management, the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS) and the Economic Development Board’s Office for Space Technology and Industry (OSTIn) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with partner companies.

The novel technology’s viability and advantages over ground-based VHF voice communications will be shown in the proof of concept, and the data will be gathered for international review, standards creation, and acceptance.

As global and regional air traffic continues to grow, CAAS is committed to leveraging new technologies to enhance air traffic management to improve efficiency and reduce carbon emissions, and to being a pathfinder and convenor of the public-private partnership needed to drive development and global adoption of such technologies.

– Han Kok Juan, Director-General, Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore

The Director-General added that the space-based VHF communications technology has the potential to revolutionise aviation, improving safety, effectiveness, and sustainability while expanding capacity to handle the growing demand for air travel. If this proof of concept is effective, it will be a big step toward acceptance and adoption around the world.

Pilots and air traffic controllers currently communicate with one another via VHF voice communications. For instance, pilots can ask for clearance to ascend or descend, and air traffic controllers can adjust a flight path in reaction to weather or turbulence.

The communication must be trustworthy, direct, and immediate to ensure safe and effective air traffic management, particularly in congested airspaces and during abnormal and emergency situations.

Moreover, due to the ground-based nature of present VHF stations, there is little to no coverage for VHF voice communications in maritime, hilly, or remote places that are outside the range of ground-based stations, which poses operational challenges. Air traffic control will be safer and more effective because of the expanded coverage provided by space-based VHF voice communications.

Before they may be used for safe operations, space-based VHF voice communications must first undergo technical feasibility studies, evaluation, and standardisation by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) and the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO).

The CAAS-OSTIn and partner companies’ proof of concept is the first technical research where a specially manufactured satellite will be launched into orbit to contain VHF communications gear for such a trial, even though there have been earlier technical studies in this area.

The trial’s goal is to show that space-based communications are compatible with aircraft technology and already-existing ground radio stations, with equivalent speech quality, latency, and other standards to ground-based voice communications.

The trial will specifically show that space-based voice communications are feasible for the equatorial region, where the scintillation effect that degrades the quality of VHF audio communications is known to be particularly severe. Beginning in 2023, the proof of concept will take a year to complete. After that, CAAS will present the findings and data to the ICAO and ITU for review and discussion.

Between CAAS-OSTIn and partner companies, the program delivers strong complementary skills. The testbed for the trial will be provided by CAAS, a prominent provider of air navigation services that is at the forefront of technological development and adoption.

The development and application of space capabilities to aviation as well as the creation of a space eco-system will be examined by OSTIn, Singapore’s national space office, to support the endeavour. Moreover, joint ventures will put the satellite into orbit and supply the hardware and communications infrastructure.

Singapore-China Collaboration Aims to Hasten Trade Digitalisation

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The establishment of the China-Singapore (Chongqing) Multi-Modal Distribution and Connectivity Centre or DC Centre aims to improve both countries’ transportation and logistics ecosystems, as well as strengthen supply chain resilience and accelerate trade digitalisation.

The partnership, according to Josephine Teo, Minister of Communications, and Information, is an important step in the continued development of Singapore’s and Chongqing’s roles as mutual hubs of Southeast Asia and Western China, respectively.

As a key project of the China-Singapore (Chongqing) Demonstration Initiative on Strategic Connectivity (CCI) and logistics priority area, the DC Centre will be a physical location for multimodal operations in Chongqing and help build the CCI-New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor.

With this new facility in place, there will be greater opportunities for collaboration between Singapore, Chongqing, and other international partners in some areas.

– Josephine Teo, Minister of Communications and Information

Minister Teo emphasised first the improving logistics and transportation systems on both sides. To better integrate Chongqing’s key road, rail, and river logistics nodes and give logistics participants a smooth experience, the DC Centre will complement current and planned facilities including the Guoyuan Port and Yuzui Terminal South Yard.

In 2017, Minister Teo recalls the inauguration of the two joint venture companies of Singapore and China -the Sino-Singapore (Chongqing) Connectivity Solutions Company Limited or S1 and Sino-Singapore (Chongqing) DC Multimodal Logistics Company Limited or S2. Now, a training and placement programme will be formed between S1 and the Chongqing Finance and Economics College, with specialised training taking place within the DC Centre itself, to expand the talent pool of Chongqing’s logistics business.

Second, the Minister highlighted the improved supply chain resilience. In an era of global supply chain disruption, the CCI-New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor can determine its value by linking land and sea routes to provide the flow of essential goods, specifically perishable and time-sensitive supplies. To that end, she encourages all interested parties to join the Corridor by utilising key nodes such as the DC Centre and improving connectivity and trade flows between regions.

Minister Teo also stressed the hastening of trade digitalisation. In response to the growing importance of the digital economy, Singapore and Chongqing are encouraging the exchange of digital data and documents to improve supply chain visibility and facilitate seamless cross-border cargo movement. She welcomes more companies to join them in these endeavours, including those from adjacent sectors such as trade financing.

OpenGov Asia earlier reported that 17 Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) were signed among Singapore and Chongqing businesses in 2020 on the side-lines of the Smart China Expo (SCE) Online, as enterprises continue to explore opportunities despite pandemic restrictions. The MoUs included collaborations in the built environment and manufacturing, as well as logistics and tourism for markets in Chongqing, Western China, and Singapore.

On the other hand, at the annual Smart China Expo in Chongqing in 2019, Singapore and Chinese companies signed 13 agreements for collaborative efforts to use digital technologies in education, manufacturing, and telecommunications.

In the same year, the Infocomm Media Development Authority (IMDA), Enterprise Singapore, and the Chongqing Application Development Administration Bureau launched the Joint Innovation Development Fund (JIDF), an RMB$ 40 million initiative to promote the joint development of innovative products and solutions, which may include research and development and pilots to promote innovative technologies such as robotics, IoT, augmented reality, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence. The fund’s goal is to catalyse projects that have the potential to generate significant economic benefits for the companies and countries involved.

India Paves the Way for 5G Radio Access Network

The global network business concept, can be use to symbolise virtual team, sites, remote working, and related global business concepts
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The Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) is committed to building robust partnerships within the 5G ecosystem with a range of stakeholders including local industry and start-ups. C-DOT has continued to emphasise the evolution of a coordinated collaborative framework that supports multiple providers and promotes healthy competition amongst key 5G players in an output-driven and target-oriented environment.

Broadband, especially mobile broadband, has become an integral part of life. Its adoption was accelerated through the rapid expansion of 4G services across the country since 2015. Currently, 800 million subscribers have broadband access, compared to 100 million subscribers in 2014. According to a press release, through policy initiatives, the government has been able to give citizens access to mobile banking, online education, and telemedicine, among others.

Dr Rajkumar Upadhyay, Executive Director, C-DOT highlighted the vision of  PM GatiShakti as it harnesses the country’s technological potential. This is done by creating an environment for the creation of path-breaking initiatives by local R&D, industry and start-ups. He underscored the importance of achieving synergy among various participants of the technology ecosystem to spur novel innovation and competitive spirit leading to the development of holistic indigenous solutions expeditiously.

He expressed confidence in emerging partnerships between R&D and industry in enabling the proliferation of indigenous 5G across the country and emphasised that effective collaborations would bring Indian products and solutions to the international market.

C-DOT is the premier Research and Development (R&D) centre of the Department of Telecommunications, Ministry of Communications, Government of India. C-DOT has overseen the design and development of a host of telecom software applications such as optical, switching and routing, wireless and security. Further to developing an indigenous 4G solution, C-DOT now focuses its attention on 5G.

This month, C-DOT signed an agreement for collaboration in the area of Open RAN-based Radio Network for 5G solution. The collaboration will leverage the complementary strengths of Telecom R&D and private industry to speed the indigenous design, development and deployment of end-to-end 5G solutions that would be mutually beneficial to all stakeholders. Further, the partnership will go a long way to strengthen indigenous Intellectual Property as well as facilitate wider adoption and monetisation of national 5G products and solutions.

Earlier, Union Railways, Communications, Electronics and Information Technology Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw said that at the current pace, he was confident that the deployment of 5G will begin in at least 20-25 cities and towns by the end of 2022. He revealed that India currently has the lowest price for data across the globe and that the price “is at least 10 times cheaper than what other countries are offering”.

In related developments, OpenGov Asia reported on the upcoming 5G spectrum auctions in July 2022. Digital connectivity has been an important part of the government’s policy initiatives through programmes like Digital India, Startup India and Make in India.

A total of 72097.85 MHz of spectrum with a validity period of 20 years will be put to auction by the end of July this year. The auction will be held for spectrum in various low (600 MHz, 700 MHz, 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz, 2300 MHz), mid (3300 MHz), and high (26 GHz) frequency bands.

The government announced that, in a first, there will be no mandatory requirement to make upfront payments by bidders. Payments for the spectrum can be made in 20 equal annual instalments to be paid in advance at the beginning of each year. This is expected to significantly ease cash flow requirements and lower the cost of doing business in this sector.

To meet the backhaul demand, the government has decided to provisionally allot two carriers of 250 MHz each in E-band to telecom service providers. The government also decided to double the number of traditional Microwave backhaul carriers in the existing frequency bands of 13, 15, 18, and 21 GHz bands.

Singapore: Using an AI/ML Approach to Meat and Seafood Production

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The difficulties faced by businesses in accelerating the development and production of farmed meat and seafood through public-private partnerships are addressed by a multi-institutional research programme by A*STAR and its partners through the CentRe of Innovation for Sustainable banking and Production of Cultivated Meats or CRISP Meats.

The use of animal serum in the manufacturing process and high costs of culture media are key contributors to the challenging commercial viability of bringing cultivated meat and seafood products to the general population.

–  Dr Ng Say Kong, Principal Scientist and Co-Director of CRISP Meats

Dr Ng added that projects are made to address the demands of the cultivated meat and seafood business, from the isolation and documentation of cell lines to the development of novel bioprocesses and animal serum-free growing mediums. It also addresses the high cost of animal serum and cell culture media. They use cutting-edge technology, such as multi-omics analysis to determine the metabolic needs of cells from various species to accelerate their growth rate, and artificial intelligence and machine learning modelling (AI/ML) techniques to speed up the media formulation process.

A diverse team of researchers is led by Dr Ng together with Dr Andy Tan, Senior Scientist and Co-Director of CRISP Meats in their collaborative efforts to develop various technologies that can support a profitable value chain for produced meat.

They also collaborate with cultivated meat companies to help them develop a variety of product formats, ranging from mincemeat products like nuggets and patties to whole-cut meat products like steaks and sliced meat parts.

The researchers intend to create a diverse range of cell lines to produce cultivated chicken, pork, and selected seafood, including fish, as these products are commonly used in Asian cuisines and are expected to gain popularity in Asian markets.

Sixteen (16) labs from A*STAR, the Singapore Institute of Technology, and the National University of Singapore are involved in CRISP Meats. The research teams focus on regional seafood, fish, and premium chicken breeds to identify cell lines from food species that cater to Asian palates.

Furthermore, in December 2020, the Singapore Food Agency approved the sale of the world’s first cultivated chicken nuggets, making Singapore the first country in the world to do so. The country is leading efforts to assist industry partners in making cultivated meat safe and affordable. This aligns with Singapore’s “30 by 30” food security national agenda, which aims to meet 30% of Singapore’s nutritional needs locally by 2030.

The demand for food is rising along with the middle class due to the expanding global population and rising protein intake. Alternatives to conventional protein sources, such as farmed meat and seafood, may be more durable and sustainable.

In addition, cultivated beef uses a lot less space for farming and is less prone to seasonal variation and climate change because it can be produced on demand in a lab. The commercial production of farmed meat and seafood will advance with research into reducing costs and increasing production and processing efficiency.

The Singapore Food Story Grant Call on Future Foods in 2021 funded the CRISP Meats, which was administered by A*STAR in collaboration with the Singapore Institute of Technology and the National University of Singapore to advance R&D in the cultivated meat and seafood industry. The goal is to attract companies for collaboration to develop integrated platform technologies across the value chain to support and anchor Singapore’s cultivated meat and seafood industry.

Singpass Features Multiple Languages

Image credits: app.singpass.gov.sg
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More users are now experiencing the convenience of conducting transactions in their native language as Singpass features four of Singapore’s official languages – English, Tamil, Malay and Chinese. By selecting their preferred language in the app’s settings, more users can experience the convenience of conducting transactions in their native language.

As more features are onboarded, this will better support citizens who are more comfortable transacting in vernacular languages.

– Josephine Teo, Minister for Communications and Information and Minister-in-Charge of Smart Nation and Cybersecurity

The legal divisions and other government departments were also tasked with ensuring that the texts comply with existing policies. Approximately 60,000 words had to be translated into three languages across two platforms immediately. Multiple rounds of checks were conducted to guarantee that nothing is lost in translation and to avoid translation errors.

The words were placed into a spreadsheet and delivered to a team of hired translators by the Government Digital Services (GDS) branch of GovTech. The translators are provided with mock-up screens to provide context for the content they are attempting to translate.

The team also helped the translators by developing a variety of technologies, such as locking worksheets to prevent accidental alterations and colour coding cells for readability, to decrease human error and continuously enhance the processes for producing high-quality translations. In addition, the spreadsheet is intended to automate key procedures and improve the efficiency of translating various strings to be included in the programme.

The initial translations were then sent to an external vendor for review. After that, the translations were imported into the app, and multiple rounds of testing were carried out to ensure that the user interface across different devices could accommodate the new words, especially since most of the translated text takes up more screen space than the English version. Internal native speakers were also given test builds of the translated app to correct contextually incorrect word choices and review the accuracy and design.

Finally, Citizen Translators – native speakers and writers who volunteered with the Ministry of Communication and Information (MCI) to review translated materials and help raise the translation standards of public communications in Singapore have provided feedback to further refine the translations. Their feedback was reviewed by the same team of internal translators, and some changes were incorporated into subsequent app releases as part of ongoing efforts to improve app usability.

While the multilingual feature has been released successfully, additional development remains. The usage of a spreadsheet to facilitate translations prevents translators from having a side-by-side comparison of how the app appears and what is being translated, which can delay translations.

In addition, for each batch of translations, engineers must manually insert or export new word strings into the system, limiting scalability. Furthermore, users may also still encounter untranslated content via the Singpass app. While the data labels in a user’s profile are translated so that monolingual users may locate the relevant data, the data values provided by the respective government agencies are only available in English to prevent mistranslations and maintain the agencies’ data accuracy.

The GovTechies from the National Digital Identity team who worked on the translation project are Zheng Yurong, Associate UX Designer; Law Xun Da, Associate Software Engineer; and Tay Li Soon, Lead Product Manager -all are continuously collecting feedback from multiple agencies to enhance translation quality.

Singpass is one of the eight national strategic projects managed by the Government Technology Agency (GovTech) and supporting Singapore’s Smart Nation objective. It is the digital identification of a Singaporean resident that enables convenient and secure access to over 2,000 government and private sector services online and in person.

“Postcards from the Future” Highlights Singapore’s Climate Change, Sea-Level Rise

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An interactive installation that explores the impact of climate change and sea-level rise 100 years from now is the highlight of a project dubbed “Adapting Waterfronts: Postcards from the future, Singapore 2122” – this lets the citizens witness how the nation’s coastline has changed in the past, now, and the future.

The exhibit displays “Postcards from the Future” that envisage sea-level rise adaptation in the twenty-first century and were produced by scientists, architects, and artists. These postcards are part of a guided tour along a proposed heritage route of Singapore’s historic waterfront, which uses Augmented Reality (AR) installations to visualise place-based changes over time at specific spots, bringing the past, present, and future to life.

Gabriel Tenaya Kaprielian, an assistant professor of architecture at Temple University, created the “Postcards from the Future” project in association with the Earth Observatory of Singapore at Nanyang Technological University Singapore (NTU Singapore).

The project was part of a U.S. Scholar Fulbright and additional assistance was provided by the National Heritage Board, National Archives, and Collection of the National Museum of Singapore.

Moreover, the physical installation of the piece is housed in a Pop-Up Gallery at the foot of Mount Palmer, which also acts as the beginning point for Singapore’s “Adapting Waterfronts” AR historical waterfront route.

To address the worldwide challenge of sea-level rise adaptation, the Adapting Waterfronts project’s distinctive breadth brings together the innovation from various groups across disciplines. This fosters transdisciplinary collaboration and international cooperation. By recasting the problems caused by sea-level rise as opportunities for design innovation, the initiative aims to foster community optimism and empower informed action.

While many nations are preparing for a predicted 1-meter increase in sea level by 2100, high-emission models predict a possible 5-meter rise by 2150. Coastal towns across the world will need to prepare for uncertainty since it is unclear how quickly the ice sheets will melt and because of the added effects of greater floods brought on by more extreme weather occurrences.

Adapting Waterfronts speculates on how Singapore can develop a long-term planning framework that supports climate change resilience and biodiversity in a win-win strategy that ups the role of nature-based solutions that embrace tidal ecologies in urban environments as part of the Green Plan and City in Nature vision. It does this by providing a platform to exchange knowledge and enable discourse about future sea-level rise.

Furthermore, Adapting Waterfronts: Postcards from the Future, Singapore 2122 is free to access for all. The content contained in “Adapting Waterfronts” is speculative fiction created by Kaprielian and other contributing artists with the purpose of inspiring the imagination of the audience by examining various sea-level rise adaptation scenarios and strategies

The images are artist renderings and do not explicitly reflect the scientific findings or stance of any of the partner organisations. Site locations of present photographs are approximations of the location in the historic images.

Meanwhile, researchers at NTU and other leaders in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have recently come up with an important standard for AI security due to cybersecurity threats like hacking that pose a big risk to AI systems -in response to calls to protect the integrity of AI programmes and build trust in AI solutions.

The standard will be used to influence worldwide standardisation plans in this field by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO), marking a significant achievement that ranks Singapore among the world’s most advanced nations in AI security.

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