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The government of Singapore has awarded $10.8 million to managing a legal technology research programme, which aims to digitise various laws, rules and agreements in the country.
The grant was awarded to the Singapore Management University’s (SMU’s) School of Law. It will be used to establish a Centre for Computational Law (CCL). The grant has been provided by the National Research Foundation Singapore, a government department which operates under the Prime Minister’s Office.
Research Programme to Develop Smart Contract Programming Language
The SMU stated that it’s a five-year research program, which will aim to create “smart” contracts and “smart” statutes. The initiative will begin with the design and development of a domain-specific, high-level computer programming language that will be used to code laws, rules and contracts.
The research programme will start with the design and implementation of a domain-specific programming language (DSL) that allows for laws, rules and agreements to be expressed in code.
The announcement of the initiative has come following the launch of The Centre for Technology, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence & The Law by the National University of Singapore Faculty of Law (NUS Law).
Steps towards the Digitalisation of the Legal Industry
Mr George Loh, Director (Services and Digital Economy), National Research Foundation Singapore, said, “Digitalisation is disrupting and transforming business models and functions across all industries. We are confident that the successful applications of digital technology such as Artificial Intelligence in other business sectors can be replicated in the legal profession to transform the work of paralegals, lawyers, litigators and legal researchers.”
Mr George Loh added that “This new research programme on computational law allows Singapore to build thought leadership and digital expertise in this nascent field, and bring law firms along in the digitalisation journey to incorporate legal technology into their operations.”
The CCL will be led by Dr. Lim How Khang, who is the SMU Assistant Professor of Law and Information Systems (Practice). Dr. Khang will work cooperatively with the SMU School of Information Systems. Alexis Chun and Wong Meng Weng, who are the co-founders of Legalese, a local legaltech firm, have joined the university and program as principal research fellow and industry director, respectively.
CCLAW will be operational from April 2020. Besides focusing on computational law research, it will also conduct research on the application of cutting-edge computational technology to legal, regulatory, compliance and governance problems. In doing so, the Centre will collaborate with research centres and institutional partners, as well as the technology industry and legal professions around the world.
Research will support Singapore’s goal to become a key player in the global legaltech industry
Assistant Professor Lim How Khang said, “This is definitely an exciting time to be researching legal and regulatory-compliance technology. The true potential for such technologies, and for understanding how they integrate practically with ongoing developments in AI and blockchain, is enormous.”
“The legal sector is beginning to accelerate its push into digital transformation, and is now in a position to benefit from the development of technologies adapted for legal services” added Assistant Professor Lim How Khang.
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Digital innovation empowers ageing individuals by promoting better health management, social engagement, cognitive stimulation, safety, and access to resources, ultimately improving their overall quality of life.
While ageing is frequently accompanied by a deterioration in functional mobility, loss of muscle strength, and an increase in body fat, this trend could be reversed thanks to a novel magnetic muscle therapy developed by researchers at the National University of Singapore (NUS).
Weekly exposure to very low levels of proprietary pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) using the BIXEPS device invented by NUS researchers in 2019 is associated with significant improvements in mobility and body composition after 12 weeks, particularly in older people, according to a recent community study conducted in Singapore involving 101 participants aged 38 to 91 years old. After three months of magnetic muscle therapy, participants reported reduced pain perception.
Associate Professor Alfredo Franco-Obregón, who led the research team and is a Principal Investigator with NUS iHealthtech and co-founder of QuantumTX, says that the BIXEPS device uses a specific magnetic signature to target the muscles in a user’s leg and create metabolic activity in the cells, just like when a person exercises.
Studies from the past showed that when magnetic muscle treatment was used on one leg after knee surgery, the whole body’s metabolism improved. This was mostly seen as changes in the blood lipid profiles. That is, the effect went beyond just the leg that was treated and led to changes throughout the whole body.
After eight weeks of treatment, 72% of individuals reported improved skeletal muscle maintenance along with reductions in total and visceral fats, with 85% of subjects reporting improvements in functional mobility after 12 weeks, most notably among the elderly.
These encouraging findings suggest that this PEMF-based technology could be a beneficial adjunct to traditional geriatric therapies aimed at lowering the prevalence of frailty and metabolic diseases in the elderly population.
Importantly, visceral fat is an inflammatory fat that has been linked to a variety of metabolic diseases, including diabetes. Previous research has found that people in Southeast Asia retain visceral fat more persistently than persons in other regions of the world, despite exercise.
As a result, people in Southeast Asia get diabetes at a lower BMI than persons of other ethnicities. This has created a significant challenge for the Southeast Asian health business. Researchers finally have a solution to this local healthcare dilemma in the form of magnetic field therapy.
Based on the promising findings of the community study, the team has collaborated with research groups in the United States and Hong Kong to perform randomised controlled clinical studies to further validate the advantages of frailty across various ageing groups.
Since 2022, the team has also begun a senior-focused study with 200 elders across four Singapore community care centres to assess how the technology can improve function and ease chronic problems. This research is projected to be completed in 2023.
Real-world pilot data from current community programmes have also shown promise of improved HbA1c control – the most common measure for diabetes progression – after beginning weekly BIXEPS sessions.
The research team is currently collaborating with the Singapore General Hospital to perform a clinical trial to evaluate further the therapeutic potential of PEMF-based therapies for diabetes progression management.
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The consultative committee of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs was briefed by Hardeep S. Puri, the Minister for Housing and Urban Affairs, about the progress made in the Smart Cities Mission. Minister Puri highlighted the significant advancements taking place within the 100 smart cities and their positive impact on India’s urban future. He underscored the vital role played by Special Purpose Vehicles (SPV) in effectively managing and implementing the mission at the city level, thus maximising its potential.
The Smart Cities Mission, launched in June 2015, seeks to enhance the lives of citizens by implementing “smart solutions” that focus on core infrastructure, a clean and sustainable environment, and a high quality of life. Under the initiative, 100 cities were selected through a two-stage competition to be developed as Smart Cities. According to the government, the regions are showcasing satisfactory advancements.
The Smart Cities Mission is overseen by an Apex Committee led by the Secretary of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs. They regularly provide updates on the implementation status of projects through the Real-Time Geographical Management Information System (GMIS). According to the Smart Cities Mission Statement and Guidelines, each city establishes a Smart City Advisory Forum (SCAF) at the local level to facilitate collaboration and provide guidance. The SCAF comprises various stakeholders such as Members of Parliament, Members of the Legislative Assembly, the Mayor, the District Collector, local youth, technical experts, and other relevant parties. So far, the Smart Cities have convened more than 756 SCAF meetings.
In addition, at the state level, a High Powered Steering Committee (HPSC) chaired by the Chief Secretary has been established. This committee plays a crucial role in overseeing the Smart Cities Mission within the state. Furthermore, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs appoints Nominee Directors to the Boards of Special Purpose Vehicles (SPVs) who actively monitor the progress of projects in their respective cities.
The Committee conducted visits to various project sites in Goa, including the ‘Mandovi Riverfront Promenade’, ‘Flood Mitigation Works’, and the Integrated Command and Control Centre (ICCC). During these visits, the status and progress of the projects were discussed as of 1 May 2023. It was highlighted that the Smart Cities Mission comprises approximately 7,800 projects with a total value of INR 1.8 trillion (US$ 21 billion). Out of these, more than 5,700 projects (73% by number) worth INR 1.1 trillion (US$ 13.3 billion) (60% by value) have already been completed. The remaining projects are expected to be completed by June 2024. Also, INR 38,400 crores (US$ 4.6 billion) have been released under the Smart Cities Mission as of 1 May, out of which INR 35,261 crores (US$ 4.2 billion) has been used.
The Ministry maintains regular communication and engagement with the states and Smart Cities through video conferences, review meetings, field visits, regional workshops, and more. These interactions occur at different levels and serve multiple purposes, including assessing the performance of cities and providing necessary support and guidance for their improvement.
An official said that ICCCs play a crucial role in enhancing situational awareness through the utilisation of advanced technologies. These centres provide comprehensive visualisations that enable civic officials to effectively address various urban functions and handle daily tasks, issues, and emergencies following detailed standard operating procedures. ICCCs have evolved into the central hubs of these smart cities, showcasing the effective application of technology in fortifying urban management.
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The Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT) invites all stakeholders, advocates, and concerned individuals to submit feedback, comments, and suggestions on the drafted National Cybersecurity Plan (NCSP) 2023-2028 to provide a safe and reliable cyberspace for all Filipinos.
The goal of the public consultation on the draught of the NCSP 2023-2028 is to improve the final document, which is expected to be released by the end of 2023. All parties interested may offer their suggestions and comments to the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Cybersecurity and Upskilling via email at oascu@dict.gov.ph. The outline NCSP 2023-2028 is organised around six (6) pillars, including:
- Enactment of the “Cybersecurity Act” to strengthen the policy framework;
- Secure and protect Critical Information Infrastructures (CII);
- Proactively defend the government and people in cyberspace;
- Operational and well-coordinated network of Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) and SOC;
- Capacitate workforce in cybersecurity; and
- Enhancing international cooperation.
Ivan John E. Uy, secretary of the DICT, emphasised the importance of concerted action from all interested parties to create a trusted, dependable, and safe online environment for Filipinos.
“The NCSP 2023-2028 shows the importance of convergence among all government agencies in delivering our mission. It outlines steps on how each government agency can coordinate all their cybersecurity initiatives through the National Cybersecurity Inter-Agency Committee (NCIAC). It also harmonises all organisation CERT and defined two national-level CERTs,” said Secretary Ivan.
He also stated that there was a steady increase in internet-based transactions during and after the COVID-19 outbreak. The country gradually evolved to cashless transactions as electronic commerce and e-banking became commonplace, mostly because of inventions from the private sector. Cybercrime incidences rose as these advanced.
Cyberthreat actors took use of flaws and vulnerabilities in processes, technology, and human behaviour. In response to these changes, the National Cybersecurity Plan 2023–2028 (NCSP 2023–2028) was created.
The goal of DICT is to give every Filipino access to a trusted, secure, and reliable online environment. This demonstrates the necessity of protecting the government and the public online, as well as the significance of fostering the kind of trust required for online commerce to flourish.
The NCSP’s second iteration drew on the preceding strategy’s results while also demonstrating a policy shift. DICT is now attempting to establish a Cybersecurity Act to balance the economic linkages impacting noncompliance with cybersecurity legislation.
The new strategy also promotes policy based on standards and risk-based methods. Individual organisations, rather than entire sectors, are designated as CIIs if they fail, depending on their size and influence. A renewed emphasis on developing the cyber workforce, as well as the significance of improving international collaboration in cybersecurity, was also emphasised.
Most particularly, the NCSP 2023-2028 demonstrates the importance of collaboration among all government departments in carrying out its mandate. It details how each government agency can use the National Cybersecurity Inter-Agency Committee (NCIAC) to coordinate all their cybersecurity initiatives. It also unifies all organisation CERTs and establishes two national-level CERTs.
Though the NCSP 2023-2028 has a sublime goal, DICT thinks this strategy can be successful with the assistance of all government agencies, the private sector, and all departments of government.
The National Cybersecurity Plan must be developed by DICT in accordance with RA 10844, hence, the National Cybersecurity Plan 2028 (NCSP 2028) draft is meant to serve as a guide for consultations, with the goal of using comments to improve the final version of the NCSP, which is scheduled to be released before the end of 2023.
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Singapore will spend about S$3.3 billion on information and communications technology (ICT) this year. This is on top of the money it has spent in previous years to improve its digital infrastructure and make services better for people, companies, and government workers.
Over the last five years, the government has spent about S$16 billion on ICT. In both FY 2021 and FY 2022, it was expected that S$3.8 billion would be spent on ICT. In the past, attempts to combine the demand for ICT services through bulk tenders and to update the back-end ICT infrastructure of the government through the cloud have saved money.
“Our ICT investments in the past five years have laid a firm foundation for the next bound of digital government,” said Kok Ping Soon, Chief Executive, GovTech.
He added that the Government will maintain a high level of ICT spending in 2023, as they continue to push ahead with the cloud strategy and find more ways to work closely with the industry through co-developed projects and bulk tenders. Providing opportunities for SMEs to take on government projects is also important, as SMEs form a key pillar of our Smart Nation efforts, he continued.
More than 30% (S$1 billion) of what the government plans to spend on ICT in FY 2023 will go towards developing apps for the Government Commercial Cloud (GCC).
Since the “Cloud First” Strategy was announced in October 2018, about 66% of qualified government systems have been moved to the Government Commercial Cloud (GCC). This makes it possible to reach the goal of 70% by the end of 2023.
In FY 2023, co-developed projects with industry are projected to be worth about 45% (S$1.49 billion) of all spending, up from 27% in FY 2022 and 20% in FY 2021.
Co-developed projects save time and money by using the SG Tech Stack and other government platforms for security compliance and interoperability, as well as reusing well-tested software components to build apps quickly.
Currently, 27 companies are qualified to work with the government on projects using the SG Tech Stack. When the S$0.62 billion Agile Co-Development and ICT Professional Services bulk tender is called in FY 2023, this list of providers will be updated.
In co-developed projects, engineers and developers from the government may oversee building one part while their peers from the private sector build another. This is different from the usual outsourced approach, in which a vendor builds the whole project based on what the government agency wants.
As a result of the Government’s planned ICT spending for FY 2023, a lot more projects will be given out through bulk bids. About 76%, or S$2.5 billion, of the planned spending will go to these projects. In FY 2022, only 27% of the spending went to these projects. By putting together all the requests for the same ICT goods and services, bulk tenders have helped public agencies save money, time, and effort.
This year, there are three important bulk contracts worth a total of S$1.85 billion: Enterprise Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), Hosting Support Services (HSS), and Personal Computers & Printer.
Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) still have a lot of chances, as nearly 80% of all procurement opportunities for FY 2023 will be open to SMEs, which is the same as the previous year.
The Ministry of Sustainability and Environment previously indicated that starting in 2024, government ICT contracts will include environmental sustainability criteria.
Suppliers who participate in the forthcoming PC and Printer bulk tender must follow energy and environmental regulations and reuse packaging and materials.
Additionally, GovTech is trying to optimise code reuse for cloud projects in FY 2023 and reduce the carbon footprint of the cloud infrastructure in GCC and government data centres to satisfy BCA-IMDA Green Mark criteria.
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The Minister of State of Electronics and Information Technology, Rajeev Chandrasekhar, recently held the Digital India Dialogues outlining the principles of the Digital India Act (DIA). This forthcoming legislation is designed to replace the current IT Act and establish a robust legal structure that safeguards the rights of digital nagriks (citizens). The first draft of the Act will be released in early June.
According to Chandrasekhar, with India soon expected to have 1.3 billion people accessing the internet, it is crucial for digital citizens to approach the online realm without fear or mistrust, particularly as numerous government services transition to digital platforms. The Act has placed significant emphasis on the principles of safety and trust, which have “a huge section in the DIA”. The Minister also expressed concerns regarding the weaponisation of misinformation and disinformation, particularly with the added challenge of AI-driven deep fakes and stressed the need to address these issues effectively.
During discussions with stakeholders, the Minister addressed various concerns and provided clarifications on several issues. Regarding intersecting regulation by sectoral regulators, the DIA will enable sectoral regulators like the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), and other ministries to establish additional safeguards. The aim is to harmonise different laws, and the input of sectoral regulators will be sought in this process.
In terms of regulating emerging technologies, the focus will be on assessing potential user harm caused by AI. The objective is to ensure that emerging technologies do not pose any harm to digital citizens. For blockchain and Web 3.0, the industry will be encouraged to propose guardrails. The intention is not to impose bans on innovations unless they are linked to user harm. The goal is to lead in the fields of Web 3.0 and AI while defining appropriate guardrails. The Minister expressed a preference to avoid creating additional compliance layers through excessive regulation.
Regarding compliance for startups, the Minister explained that in all recent laws, such as the CERT-In directions released in April 2022 or the upcoming Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2023, startups have either been provided exemptions or an extended period for compliance.
The proposed law will be an important pillar of the Global Standard Cyber law framework that the government is formulating to catalyse India’s digital economy goals. The Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, National Data Governance Framework policy, the recent amendments to the IT Rules, CERT-In guidelines will form the other elements of this framework.
The Digital India Dialogue session witnessed the participation of a wide array of stakeholders from the technology ecosystem, including industry associations, startups, IT professionals, think tanks, and legal experts. The session brought together approximately 300 stakeholders, with 125 individuals attending in person and 175 participating virtually. A similar dialogue was held in Bengaluru in March this year. These consultations are in line with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s consultative approach to law and policy-making. This is the first time that the government held consultations on the principles of the Bill.
Digital India is an ambitious initiative launched by the government with the vision of transforming the country into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. It aims to leverage the power of technology to bridge the digital divide, empower citizens, and enhance the efficiency and transparency of government services.
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Vietnam’s Deputy Minister of Information and Communications, Pham Duc Long, highlighted the country’s recent focus on developing digital infrastructure, including significant investments in data centres and cloud computing. These efforts are aimed at driving national digital transformation and enabling the delivery of digital services to advance the digital economy and society.
At the 31st meeting of the Asia Pacific Telecommunity (APT) Wireless Group in Hanoi, Long emphasised that the world is currently confronted with a range of complex issues in the era of wireless devices. APT, in response, is committed to collaborating with member countries to address these problems and effectively overcome the associated challenges.
During the discussions, participants delved into various significant management-related topics. These included potential frequency bands for 6G technology, the effective management of broadband satellite beams, expanding wireless internet coverage through band extensions, and the advancements and implications of 5G technology.
The event serves as a forum for management agencies, organisations, and businesses in the fields of frequency and wireless to discuss and update research activities in the region and around the world. Among the topics discussed, Vietnam is particularly interested in the implementation of new technologies, frequency planning, and trends in the selection of appropriate bands and technologies.
The meeting was held in a hybrid format. The event saw the participation of more than 500 delegates who are leading experts in the field of wireless in the region and the world from member countries, corporations, and large domestic and international telecom enterprises.
In April, the Ministry of Information and Communications (MIC) announced an auction for frequencies in the 2300-2400 MHz waveband, which will enable network operators to advance their 4G and 5G technologies. The starting price for this waveband was VND 12.88 billion (US$ 548,481) per MHz per annum, and each company had the opportunity to bid for 30 MHz. The companies are allowed to use the wavebands for 15 years for 4G and 5G purposes.
Both mobile service providers and other telecommunication companies were able to participate in the auction if they met the requirements. This means that new players using 4G and 5G technologies entered the mobile market. Companies that do not currently possess licenses for telecom services were also permitted to submit applications to the MIC for consideration and evaluation of their eligibility to participate in the auction.
As OpenGov Asia reported, upon successfully winning the auction and paying the fees in full and on time, the businesses were awarded licenses to use frequencies and offer telecommunication services. Companies that participated in the auction for the right to use radio frequencies in the 2300-2400 MHz waveband were able to establish networks and provide telecommunication services that use IMT-Advanced (4G) or IMT-2020 (5G) technologies.
5G technology offers several benefits that can transform communication, work, and life overall. With its faster data transmission speeds, lower latency, and higher network capacity, 5G can provide seamless connectivity for a wide range of applications, from virtual and augmented reality to autonomous vehicles and smart cities. Digital infrastructure is among the government’s top priorities. Vietnam has set a target to be among the top 30 nations with the most advanced and robust digital infrastructure by 2025. Vietnam’s next wave of socio-economic development will come from innovation, science, and technology, driven by the digital economy.
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The Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM) at the National University of Singapore (NUS), an innovator in the study of graphene and other 2-dimensional (2D) materials and the global leader in niobium products and technology, has created the first niobium-graphene batteries, which will solve all these problems.
Many modern gadgets, such as mobile phones, pacemakers, and electric vehicles, rely on batteries for electricity. Traditional lithium-ion batteries, on the other hand, have drawbacks such as safety issues, short life cycles, and lengthy charging periods.
Because traditional lithium-ion batteries have these limits, digital innovation has fuelled the development of novel battery technologies, such as niobium-graphene batteries, to overcome these concerns and revolutionise power solutions for modern gadgets.
The batteries are being evaluated at a new advanced battery laboratory that was recently created with a joint investment of USD 3.8 million (S$5 million) over three years, supported by the National Research Foundation of Singapore.
According to Professor Antonio Castro Neto, Director of CA2DM, the advanced battery laboratory is the most technologically advanced and well-equipped facility in Singapore for exploring new frontiers in battery technology.
The lab provides advanced equipment for researchers to generate new solid electrolytes, build diverse cell shapes, and ultimately put their inventions to the test. They have made great progress in developing niobium-graphene batteries, which are proving to be game changers in terms of safety, efficiency, and sustainability.
When compared to standard lithium-ion batteries, the pioneer niobium-graphene batteries have demonstrated superior performance and safety. Also, volatile, and flammable liquid electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries will be replaced by niobium-containing solid electrolytes, improving the safety and energy density of the innovative batteries.
Long life cycles, safety, fast charging, enhanced performance, and sustainability are all advantages of niobium-graphene batteries.
Niobium is the major active material in the negative electrode of batteries and is also used as an additive in the positive electrode. Graphene, on the other hand, is used to improve electronic conductivity and structural stability in both negative and positive electrodes.
The unique crystal structure of niobium materials in the negative electrode enables rapid charging without compromising the structure. Niobium materials in the positive electrode can increase ionic conductivity and protect the active material from degradation. In addition, the low density of graphene significantly enhances the electronic conductivity of both electrodes without diminishing the battery’s overall energy density.
In the first quarter of 2024, the final prototype of the niobium-graphene battery is anticipated to be completed.
As they have a longer lifespan than existing lithium-ion batteries, the new graphene-niobium batteries substantially reduce the total cost of ownership and have ultrafast charging capabilities. In addition, they offer a higher level of safety because even at high temperatures there is no danger of explosion.
In addition to being the first batteries to combine niobium applications on both the cathode and the anode, they also offer higher input and output power, a broader temperature operating range, and a higher state of charge. Thus, commercial and industrial applications, including regenerative braking systems for hybrid vehicles such as rails, trucks, and passenger cars; and heavy-duty applications, intralogistics, and cordless power tools, among others, can be developed for specific markets.
The new laboratory is outfitted with state-of-the-art facilities for advanced niobium-based batteries and solid electrolytes research and production.
The versatility of niobium-graphene batteries is a result of their high-performance capabilities. In the medical sector, they can power life-saving devices such as pacemakers and defibrillators, providing dependable and durable energy sources for life-saving procedures.
In the aerospace industry, batteries can be used in satellites and spacecraft to provide reliable and efficient power solutions for space missions. Niobium-graphene batteries are suitable for environments where dependability, longevity, and safety are of the utmost importance due to their durability and performance.
