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Mitral Valve Regurgitation (MVR) or Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease is the most common heart disease in dogs, affecting around 70-80% of them, especially in older dogs and tiny and medium-sized breeds. This condition is primarily managed with medication, but recent advancements in veterinary medicine have introduced surgical options for treating MVR.
This disease in dogs is a common condition caused by age-related changes to the heart’s valves, particularly the mitral valve. This valve separates the left ventricle from the left atrium and prevents blood from flowing back into the atrium. When the valve becomes irregular and floppy, it results in an imperfect seal and leakage called mitral regurgitation. This condition is most commonly seen in older, small-breed dogs and can lead to congestive heart failure if left untreated.
In Thailand, a significant breakthrough in the treatment of MVR was achieved by a team of veterinarians led by Assoc Prof Dr Anusak Kijtawornrat from the Department of Physiology at Chulalongkorn’s Faculty of Veterinary Science. Collaborating with multiple animal hospitals and clinics, they successfully performed a mitral valve repair surgery using a mitral clamp on a dog for the first time in Thailand in January 2024.
This surgical method is minimally invasive, leaving a small wound and eliminating the need for an artificial heart or lung machine. These factors contribute to a quicker recovery for the dog and reduced costs for the owner. Additionally, this procedure can help recondition the dog’s heart and delay the progression of heart failure and death.
Although this approach has been performed in Thailand and Southeast Asia, mitral clamp surgery has been performed in several countries, including the USA, Europe, China, Japan, and South Korea. Initially developed for humans, this technique has been adapted for veterinary use. The success of this surgery in Thailand marks a significant milestone in the advancement of veterinary cardiology in the region.
Assoc Prof Dr Anusak Kijtawornrat highlighted the prevalence of MVR in ageing dogs and its classification into asymptomatic and symptomatic stages. Dogs with MVR may exhibit symptoms such as fatigue, coughing, shortness of breath, and, in severe cases, pulmonary oedema, heart failure, and death. MVR causes blood to flow backwards from the left ventricle to the left atrium, leading to potential complications if left untreated. Certain breeds, such as Pomeranians, Shih Tzus, and Chihuahuas, are more prone to MVR and may benefit from surgical intervention using a mitral clamp.
A thorough examination is necessary for dog owners interested in pursuing this surgical option for their pets to determine the procedure’s suitability. Chulalongkorn Small Animal Hospital, Monster Care Animal Hospital, Motivet Animal Hospital, and Bangkok Heart Animal Hospital offer comprehensive evaluations and consultations for dogs with MVR.
Assoc Prof Dr Anusak Kijtawornrat emphasised the importance of early detection and intervention in dogs with MVR. Monitoring for symptoms such as increased fatigue or persistent coughing can lead to early detection and effective management, whether through medication or surgery. Early intervention has significantly improved the prognosis and quality of life for dogs suffering from MVR.
The successful mitral valve repair surgery using a mitral clamp in Thailand represents a significant advancement in veterinary cardiology. This minimally invasive procedure offers a promising option for managing MVR, particularly in small- and medium-sized dogs. The collaborative efforts between veterinary professionals and specialised facilities have paved the way for innovative treatments, benefiting countless dogs and their owners in Thailand and beyond.
Moving forward, the continued research and collaboration among veterinary professionals will further enhance our understanding of MVR and improve treatment outcomes for affected dogs. The successful implementation of the mitral clamp surgery in Thailand serves as a testament to the dedication and expertise of the country’s veterinary community in providing the best possible care for animals.
