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Big data is driving fundamental transformation across all
industries and sectors, and finance is no exception. With the proliferation of
mobile devices and rapidly increasing share of digital transactions, financial
institutions are striving to make sense of the massive volumes of data being
generated and captured to understand their customers and predict their needs, so
as to serve them better. Around the globe, they are also under increasing
regulatory pressure to improve risk reporting and controlling money laundering
and fraud.
As a leading bank in Asia, DBS encounters these
issues and hence, it started moving towards becoming a data-driven organisation
a few years ago, taking smart decisions based on data and not instincts.
However, the company’s traditional technology stack for
supporting advanced analytics was expensive to scale and not flexible enough to
support this work.
With Cloudera as a
partner, DBS built
a central data team and enterprise data hub, enabling DBS to scale out more
economically, and experiment more. The agility of the platform allows the bank
to explore use cases and iterate easily and quickly, without the need to worry
about ROI and build an investment case beforehand.
With the ability to more easily store and analyse billions
of events in a modern data platform, DBS can answer questions before they’re
asked to more effectively engage customers and deliver better service.
This has enabled DBS staff to experiment more and be on the
forefront of innovation when it comes to understanding the customer experience
and applying human-centered design to its services.
For instance, machine learning can be used to understand customer
sentiments. All calls to the bank’s call centres are recorded. They can be
converted to text and then machine learning algorithms can be used on the
analytics platform to understand sentiment. Problems can be flagged so that the
bank can reach out to the customers.
Ultimately behavioural information and machine learning, in
combination with biometrics, could even enable ‘invisible authentication’,
where a customer no longer needs to provide many supporting documents or use a
physical device for transactions or answer questions like, ‘What is your
mother’s maiden name’.
In a video interview
with Wee Wu Neo from The Neo Dimension, David Gledhill, Head, Group
Technology and Operations, DBS explained that the use of data goes beyond to
customers. The transformation to a data-driven organization has significantly
improved operations across the organisation.
Data can be used to find out where fraud is happening in the
company. To take a specific use case of this type, trade financing is highly
prone to fraud. To deal with this, DBS started looking at data other than
invoices and transactions to predict the possibility of fraud.
“You look at things like ship movements. If you know the
typical movement patterns of goods from one port to another, then anomalous
goods movement or timing that doesn’t look like typical timing for that type of
transaction or a behavioural shift in importers or exporters or in warehousing,
signals where potentially fraudulent trade might be going on,” Mr Gledhill said.
Data analytics can predict the likelihood of a relationship
manager quitting within the next three months, so that HR staff can intervene early
to retain employees. Data can tell the audit department which branch might have
issues and should be audited next.
Operational staff can understand and predict customer flows,
ATM load, and call centre volumes using data. In fact, one of the first big
data projects DBS embarked upon was figuring out the sequence in which ATMs
should be filled. The bank went from hundreds of instances of ATMs running out
of cash to single digit numbers.
The bank also moved its financial risk information and data
required for regulatory reporting on to the Cloudera platform to simplify
reporting.
Mr Gledhill said, “We’ve applied it to a whole range of
different use cases and every single one, we see a massive uplift in terms of
the base case that we normally do.”
This has also been aided by the huge active worldwide community
of Hadoop contributors. It includes not just individuals but also tech giants,
such as Netflix, Amazon and Facebook (the platform itself was inspired by
technologies created inside Google). So, the platform keeps evolving and
improving steadily and DBS can build on the contributions made by this vibrant
community.
DBS wanted to make the data analytics capabilities available
to everyone in the bank, as opposed to having a separate team of data scientists
or little pockets of analytics.
However, the oft-repeated cliché of technology being easy
and the ‘people’ aspect being hard was true.
The more difficult part was opening up people’s minds to the
possibilities. The first few use cases played a key role in overcoming
scepticism. They generated a high level of interest and enthusiasm among
different teams within the bank. They began to explore how they could leverage
analytics in their area.
All this improvement in services and operational efficiency
has been achieved while reducing costs.
Mr Gledhill said, “We’ve seen anything in the region of 80%
reduction in operating cost in a much shorter build time. The real big benefit
lift though is the benefit it provides to the business. If you look at our
digitally engaged customers, we see material lift in how much revenue a digital
customer brings to the bank.”
This is an ongoing journey and DBS expects Cloudera to help
them continue along the path towards deeper, better insights.
Content from Cloudera customer success
story on www.cloudera.com and video
interview at The Neo Dimension.


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HKUST and ASTRI announced that they will be partnering to establish an initial Joint PhD programme through the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). The MoU was signed by HKUST’s Provost and ASTRI’s Chief Executive Officer at HKUST’s campus in the presence of HKUST’s President and ASTRI’s Board of Directors Chairman.
As per the MoU, HKUST and ASTRI will jointly screen and select eligible candidates who will work as full-time R&D staff at ASTRI while pursuing a part-time PhD degree at HKUST. The selected candidates will have the chance to participate in leading-edge research projects that encompass artificial intelligence, big data, wireless communications, smart city, and advanced materials. Additionally, they will also be involved in R&D projects related to their PhD studies. Experienced R&D staff members from ASTRI may be appointed as HKUST’s adjunct professors and serve as co-supervisors for the PhD students.
With the backing of the nation, the Hong Kong government emphasised the significance of advancing innovation and technology (I&T) in the “2022 Policy Address.” The “I&T Development Blueprint” created by the government in December outlines a comprehensive plan for Hong Kong’s I&T growth in the next 5 to 10 years, including strategies such as improving the I&T environment and expanding the pool of I&T talent.
The Joint PhD programme aims to contribute to these efforts by fostering talent who can turn their research into commercial success while gaining the necessary knowledge and credentials to prepare for their careers.
The Chairman of the ASTRI Board of Directors stated that as Hong Kong’s top R&D organisation, ASTRI is dedicated to supporting the government’s initiatives outlined in the “I&T Development Blueprint” and “Competing for Talents” plans.
The first launch of the Joint PhD Programme with HKUST is anticipated to draw and retain talented individuals in I&T who want to pursue PhD studies or research in Hong Kong, thereby providing a strong pool of I&T talent to help make Hong Kong a smart city and a global hub for I&T.
The President of HKUST stated that the University is committed to its mission of promoting knowledge through education and research. With its strong foundation in basic research and partnerships with various industrial partners, including ASTRI, HKUST is well-positioned to bridge the gap between fundamental and applied research.
This will not only enhance Hong Kong’s innovation and technology ecosystem, cultivate top-notch talent for Hong Kong, the nation, and beyond, but also enable the commercialisation of HKUST’s research results for the benefit of society.
The Chief Executive Officer of ASTRI stated that bringing research and development results to fruition is a central objective of ASTRI. To maintain close ties with the academic community, the Memorandum of Understanding with HKUST was signed to foster joint R&D and technology commercialisation in February 2022, followed by this Joint PhD Programme a year later. The programme is expected to will effectively sharpen students’ creativity, critical thinking, and global perspective, enhancing their competitiveness on a global scale and hastening the implementation of HKUST’s R&D breakthroughs.
HKUST’s Provost expressed excitement about the joint PhD programme with ASTRI, stating that it is crucial to talent development for Hong Kong’s growth into an international innovation and technology hub.
The programme will use the strengths of both organisations to provide specialists with opportunities to acquire skills and qualifications while conducting R&D projects. The programme is expected to enhance Hong Kong’s talent development and expand its talent pool.
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The University of South Australia and the South Australian Institute of Sport (SASI) have joined forces to establish a top-notch sports research and education facility in Mile End, focusing on high-performance sports.
The new cutting-edge complex integrates essential sports and educational resources to aid athletes in reaching peak performance, offer university students hands-on, industry-focused learning, and provide research-based solutions for sports in South Australia. The new SASI will share a location with the National Centre for Sports Aerodynamics, UniSA Sports Science Hub, SA Athletics Stadium, and Netball SA Stadium at Mile End.
The global sports technology market was valued at US$12.17 billion in 2021 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 19.6% from 2022 to 2030. With the growing demand for data-driven decision-making and operations in sports events, the sports tech industry is expected to experience significant growth due to the increased adoption of data analytics, IoT, and social media integration in various sports.
The demand for technology-based solutions in the sports sector is driven by a focus on enhancing audience engagement and entertainment, and the digitisation of stadiums. The market has seen growth with increased investments by organisations in adopting advanced technologies for monitoring player performance and fan engagement.
The UniSA Sports Science Hub provides UniSA sports science students with real-world learning opportunities, the chance to work with top industry professionals and elite athletes, and a well-rounded education for a successful career.
UniSA Vice Chancellor Professor David Lloyd states the new facility will offer dynamic, connected learning experiences for students. He stated that the new UniSA Sports Science Hub offers exceptional potential for enhancing research, education, and commercial partnerships with SASI and other sports industry partners located at the same site.
Coaches and health professionals will collaborate to conduct innovative research to better equip athletes for competition. The UniSA Sports Science Hub boasts state-of-the-art facilities and expertise to provide top-notch education, training, and research, benefiting South Australia’s sports industry both now and in the future.
The new UniSA Sports Science Hub, the only one of its kind in the Southern Hemisphere, features specialised teaching and research areas such as exercise classrooms, biomechanics labs, exercise testing gear, and an environmental chamber.
The new facility aims to inspire children to participate in sports, allowing them to reap the physical, mental, and social benefits. To motivate the children, South Australia’s athletes representing the state on a global level need access to top-notch facilities, and this project will provide them for the long term. The new SASI-UniSA partnership demonstrates South Australia’s sports industry’s innovative and pioneering spirit.
The Minister for Recreation, Sport and Racing emphasised that the new facilities will motivate future generations to participate more in sports and physical activity. She added that some of South Australia’s greatest athletes developed their talent in Adelaide at SASI. When these and other remarkable athletes excel, future generations are motivated, leading to an increase in sports and physical activity participation.
The Minister also said that as sports institutes worldwide adopt advancing technology for a competitive advantage, the cutting-edge SASI facility will maintain South Australia’s leadership in sports performance and research, aid staff and athletes, and enable more young athletes to pursue their athletic aspirations. Works are set to commence in early 2023, with the project expected to be completed by mid-2024.
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HKSTP has entered a strategic partnership with a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical company to position Hong Kong and the Greater Bay Area as a leader in life science innovation and set an example for the region. This is the first collaboration between HKSTP and the life sciences corporation that encompasses technology and data sharing.
The two are committed to promoting life science innovation and healthcare policy. They aim to provide a robust platform and support for start-ups in Hong Kong and mainland China by creating an ecosystem for healthcare start-ups. The goal is to make the Greater Bay Area a leader in life science and healthcare innovation and serve as a model for the rest of China in terms of technology application and registration. Additionally, they hope to establish the GBA as a hub for talent and corporates in the Asia Pacific region.
The principal areas of collaboration are:
- Shaping Policy – A white paper to articulate policy recommendations, organising a public forum and a round-table for an in-depth discussion with government officials;
- Co-incubation program – providing the start-ups with support and guidance on science, strategy and marketing, and creating a platform for the start-ups and potential partners to network and exchange; and,
- Data collaboration – Fostering a conducive data-sharing environment in the STP Platform and among stakeholders; exploring synthetic data generation tools; promoting the “data collaboration” concept to the community.
The Secretary for Innovation, Technology and Industry was one of the witnesses to the Collaboration Agreement Signing Ceremony, he stated that the partnership aligns with the Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Development Blueprint recently released.
With the strong support from the Central Government and the government’s commitment to I&T development, as well as Hong Kong’s unique advantages, the partnership will greatly contribute to the development of a world-class biomedical ecosystem in Hong Kong.
The CEO of HKSTP stated that the partnering firm is a global pharmaceutical leader with strong connections to business leaders, scientists, marketers, and investors globally. It is believed that the partnership will foster the development of more health talents and significantly speed up growth in our medical research, drug development, and clinical trial processes.
The Head of the firm’s China-based innovation centre stated that the company is so glad to see this collaboration happen. It is hoped that the partnership can bridge HK and other cities in China for more opportunities to exchange, collaborate and empower start-ups; accelerate conversion and commercialisation; and to bringing hope to patients in China.
The APAC Sub Region 3 Head of the firm’s diagnostics arm noted that Hong Kong has a great foundation of scientific research. The firm looks forward to this collaboration in advancing high-quality research work, building a platform for innovation and benefiting the Asian population as well as the rest of the world.
The launch ceremony was attended by various dignitaries including the Under Secretary for Innovation, Technology and Industry; the Commissioner for Innovation and Technology, the Head of APAC Area at the firm, the Head of the firm’s accelerator (CICoR), the General Manager, Hong Kong and Macau and Mr Ronald Lo, General Manager, at the firm’s Hong Kong and Macau diagnostics arms.
Recent research has found that the global life science analytics market size was valued at US$ 8.3 billion in 2021, and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.7% from 2022 to 2030. This growth is driven by the increasing adoption of analytics by the life science industry, which uses descriptive and reporting analysis for building databases and prescriptive and predictive analysis for predicting future trends and results.
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The country’s Home Team Science and Technology Agency (HTX) has kickstarted the SingaporeHTX 2023 with its inaugural GoCloud roadshow for HTX officers (Xponents) to learn, experiment, and engage with cloud technologies, a press statement said.
At the event, HTX introduced the GoCloud Portal and GoCloud community to its officers. The portal is a gateway to cloud-related resources, Sandpits for experimentation, and training pathways. The roadshow also featured an exhibition and spotlight talks on topics including HTX’s cloud strategy, navigating a typical cloud journey, and the sovereign cloud.
Furthermore, Xponents gained valuable insights and knowledge on how to optimise their use of cloud technologies to harness the possibilities of the cloud – from improving efficiency and scalability to boosting collaboration and innovation.
The event is part of HTX’s digitalisation and cloud movement. It is the first in a series of upcoming initiatives to build awareness, enablement, and implementation of applications leveraging cloud technologies. More than 500 HTX officers attended the roadshow, which was held at HTX headquarters.
The HTX Chief Executive, Chan Tsan, stated that as the organisation leverages cloud technologies fully to deliver digital transformation for the Home Team, it is imperative for Xponents to ‘Gear Up and Step into the Cloud Universe’. Another official said that digitalisation skills are here to stay and are fundamental for the future. The cloud will enable access to a wide spectrum of technologies to innovate and enhance the Home Team’s capabilities and operations.
Last year, HTX signed a strategic agreement with a private technology giant to develop a sovereign cloud to accelerate digital transformation and innovation for HTX. It addressed emerging technology needs across Singapore’s Home Team Departments. The agreement also introduced new skilling, job development, and training initiatives.
According to HTX, the sovereign cloud equips HTX with on-demand, high-performance cloud computing, and data storage resources. It enables HTX to quickly adapt and create new technologies and solutions, significantly reduce time-to-market in introducing new digital capabilities, and quickly scale up capacity to meet future needs.
High system resiliency and availability ensure that Home Team’s operations continue 24×7 with minimal interruption. Coupled with high-speed network connectivity and advanced analytics, the sovereign cloud capability offers Home Team officers on the ground real-time data to enable swifter incident response and decision-making.
As part of the agreement, the private player provided additional training and educational opportunities, including 600 training seats along with exam certificates that have been made available annually to HTX. The training will advance the technical skills of cloud technology professionals in Singapore.
The strategic partnership enables Singapore to push the boundaries of innovation and be at the forefront of technology, Tsan had said. The country is well-poised to exponentially enhance the capabilities of the Home Team and to keep Singapore as the safest place on the planet, he explained. The agreement enables key technological advancements and provides access to data and insights to help drive change across various communities.
As OpenGov Asia reported, the cloud has transformed the way organisations communicate, cooperate, and carry out many other critical business and service functions. Cloud communications services are becoming an increasingly intrinsic choice for organisations looking to streamline their operations and enable their remote workforces to stay connected and productive.
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Jaime FlorCruz, the Philippine Ambassador to China, has indicated that some Chinese businesses are interested in bringing their knowledge and technology on AI (artificial intelligence) and data cloud computing to the country. He said that these corporations are eager to teach and upskill young Filipinos and provide them with the option of working with them or for other companies.
“This is merely the beginning; it does not represent the end of our trade or commercial relations with China. We can investigate and pursue further prospective projects,” Flor Cruz remarked on President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr.’s three-day state visit to China.
President Marcos also stated how the collaboration might benefit the Philippines. However, he emphasises the need for technology transfer and profit repatriation.
“That’s what we’re looking for right now. To ensure that these investments not only create jobs for the local economy, but that there is also a transfer of technology so that profit repatriation is minimised, and value-added is retained in the Philippines,” he said.
President Marcos secured US$22.8 billion in investment pledges from Chinese investors. Thousands of employments are expected to be created due to investments and technology transfer to the country. He ensures that the investment will result in many jobs when they begin operations. Chinese firms will also begin training and capacity building for future employees.
The pledged investment of US$22.8 billion includes US$1.72 billion for agribusiness, US$13.76 billion for renewable energy, and US$7.32 billion for strategic monitoring of areas such as electric vehicles and mineral processing.
As per President Marcos, some of these investments have already begun construction and have started to open their offices. With relatively new fields such as mineral processing and battery and electric vehicle manufacture in the mix, Marcos stated that the government must continue demonstrating to potential investors that the Philippines is a good investment option.
At the same time, the Philippines signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) on electronic commerce (e-commerce) during the state visit to promote trade relations. The two countries agreed to increase trade of high-quality featured products and services; explore business interchange between MSMEs and e-commerce platforms, start-ups, and logistics service providers; and share best practices and innovative experiences in utilising e-commerce.
The agreement will make it easier for the Philippines and China to share experiences, best practices, critical information, and trade and e-commerce policies. In addition, it established the Manila-Beijing Working Group on Electronic Commerce as a focal point of coordination for the two parties.
The countries want to launch activities to promote consumer and merchant protection, intellectual property protection, data security, and privacy rules. This MoU will help to increase the ability of local businesses in the Philippines to compete in the modernising business sector.
Furthermore, the Philippine House of Representatives adopted the final reading of the proposed Internet Transactions Act, which sought to establish an electronic commerce (e-commerce) bureau to regulate all business-to-business and business-to-consumer commercial transactions via the internet. The law and bureau will order Internet retail, online booking services, digital media providers, ride-hailing services, and internet banking services.
The Internet Transactions Act applies to all entities, both domestic and foreign. The bill also directs its activities to the Philippine market on purpose and voluntarily, which is judged to be doing business in the Philippines and subject to applicable Philippine laws. The proposed regulation also ensures parity and respects competition between online merchants and physical shop sellers of products and services.
The e-commerce bureau’s responsibility is to keep consumers and merchants who conduct internet transactions safe. The bureau oversees the development, monitoring, and maintaining an online business registry. In addition, the e-commerce bureau will spearhead the development of online dispute resolution tools that will serve as a central point of responsibility for consumers and online sellers looking for out-of-court dispute resolution.
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Data has been regarded as critical in developing China’s data services economy and promoting industrial and government digitalisation. According to a whitepaper published by the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology (CAICT), China ranks first in terms of the total number of accepted patents linked to big data, accounting for more than half of all globally in 2021.
Recognising its significance, China has increased its investment in big data research. The white paper revealed that China accounted for 31% of the world’s published studies on big data.
CAICT demonstrated that the general level of China’s big-data technology industry has substantially improved, innovation capacity is being expanded, and the market forecast is widely acknowledged. In 2021, the total number of big-data market participants in China will approach 180,000, and investment in big-data-related firms will reach a new high of 80 billion yuan (US$11.6 billion).
“In 2022, China continues to step up its efforts in terms of policies, talent, and money, providing a significant push for the continuing growth of big data,” told Yu Xiaohui, CAICT’s head.
The whitepaper gave at the 5th Data Asset Management Conference. It gave a comprehensive overview and analysis of the current situation, difficulties, and developments in data storage and computing, data management, data circulation, data application, and data security.
As a realisation step to its big data objectives, China’s investment in large data centres is predicted to increase by more than 20% per year (2021-25). As a result, cumulative investment in linked industries is expected to exceed 3 trillion yuan (US$ 471 billion), according to the country’s top economic regulator.
Furthermore, the country has approved the construction of eight national computing hubs and proposals for ten national data centre clusters to increase overall computing power and resource efficiency.
As per National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) data, 25 new projects were launched in the ten national data centre clusters this year, resulting in a total investment of more than 190 billion yuan (US$ 28,7 billion). Investment in western regions has increased six-fold over the previous year, accounting for 60% of overall investment. The NDRC declared that the next stage would be to increase efforts to successfully encourage investment in upstream and downstream industries and promote the large-scale and green development of Big Data centres.
Meanwhile, the scale of China’s big data industry is expected to exceed 3 trillion RMB (US$ 471 billion) by 2025, with a compound growth rate of about 25%, according to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology’s (MIIT) development plan.
The plan also intends to establish a data element value evaluation system, strengthen the basis of the big data industry, create a stable and efficient industrial chain, and encourage the growth of the industrial environment.
MIIT also called for improved cross-border big data security management in a five-year strategy until 2025. The initiative comes as the country moves forward with its data and technology regulatory framework. It reaffirms data as a production factor and a national strategic resource.
Aside from that, China recognises that, as data volumes increase, it must adopt laws to promote the effective use and circulation of public, personal, and corporate data and strengthen governance over data resources. Accordingly, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, or Cabinet, generates a plan to develop a data ownership system, a circulation and trading system, and a way to distribute digital currency.
The new guidelines are intended to encourage the lawful and efficient use of data to empower the real economy and allow individuals to benefit from the rise of the digital economy. The new policies also will enable the country to respond to the global technological revolution and industrial transformation while increasing its international competitiveness.
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The first national data centre (PDN) in Indonesia, according to Minister of Communication and Informatics Johnny G. Plate, will be designed as a green government cloud built to Tier-4 standards – the best data centre standard in the world.
The PDN will be located about 40 kilometres from Jakarta and will have 25,000 processor cores, 40 Petabytes of storage, and 200 TB of memory.
“Everything is green and environmentally friendly. However, it’s not easy because you must meet the standards and certification requirements,” Minister Johnny explained to media workers after an inspection of the National Data Centre construction site in the Greenland International Industrial Centre Deltamas area of Cikarang, Bekasi, West Java.
According to Minister Johnny, the global Tier-4 International Standards require an uninterrupted data centre with a water-cooling system. Therefore, in terms of power supply or electricity, 20 Megawatts will be provided for the first time, with the capacity to be increased to 80 Megawatts to ensure its availability with no downtime.
Minister Johnny has encouraged the team to expedite the construction of Indonesia’s first National Data Centre (PDN). The centre’s construction is scheduled to last 24 months. The PDN’s effective operational date begins with fulfilling all contract precedent conditions. PDN construction has been underway for approximately two months since the project’s inception.
“I believe the progress is much faster than 8% because there is a lot of progress that is not physically visible, such as design issues or other management issues that have been completed, but these developments must be submitted regularly,” said Minister Johnny.
Nonetheless, the Minister of Communication and Information emphasised that he would conduct direct and periodic monitoring in the form of a progress review meeting so that construction could proceed more quickly and without incident.
Establishing this data centre is critical to support more efficient and effective state administration. PDN supports data interoperability to create One Data Indonesia or the government’s data-driven policy. According to the minister, the existence of PDN will benefit all government agencies’ services and the development of national digital talent.
According to Minster Johnny, the presence of PDN can support digital human resource development programmes. Including bolstering the Ministry of Communication and Information’s efforts to prepare digital literacy training, Digital Talent Scholarships, and Digital Leadership Academy to support the government in the SPBE framework, thevdigital economy, MSMEs and Ultra Micro Go Digital and various creations of innovations in the digital sector.
The first government data centre was built through a collaboration between Indonesia and France, with a contract value of EUR 164.6 million (US$175.64 million). Johnny explained that the French government is funding 85% of the development, and 15% is funded by pure Rupiah APBN. In addition, the French government has made a 15% down payment, or the equivalent of IDR 376 billion (US$24 million).
Meanwhile, in separate conversations, Semuel Abrijani Pangerapan, Director General of Informatics Applications at the Ministry of Communication and Informatics, revealed the PDN ecosystem includes cloud computing, big data analytics and artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the metaverse. Hence The National Data Centre is expected to result in intelligent and modern governance.
The Ministry has planned four PDN development sites: the Deltamas Industrial Estate (Jabodetabek) area, the Nongsa Digital Park (Batam) area, East Kalimantan’s new National Capital City (IKN), and Labuan Bajo, East Nusa Tenggara.
Following the initial PDN construction in Cikarang, West Java, the second PDN will be built in the Nongsa neighbourhood of Batam City, Riau Archipelago Province. At this location, a fibre optic network capable of connecting the area and its environs to western Indonesia already exists. The second PDN development site will be in IKN and Labuan Bajo, East Nusa Tenggara.