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CSIRO, Australia’s national science agency, is at the forefront of the innovative field known as engineering biology, which leverages natural processes and products to address pressing challenges. This approach offers sustainable solutions to complex problems, such as the environmental issues caused by synthetic fibres that generate long-lasting waste. Engineering biology seeks to develop biodegradable, nature-based fibres as a promising alternative.
While engineering biology may seem futuristic, CSIRO builds upon decades of scientific advancements that have already delivered significant benefits across various sectors, including healthcare and agriculture. One noteworthy example is the production of insulin, a crucial medication for diabetes treatment.
The organisation employs precision fermentation, a process that employs genetically engineered microorganisms within bioreactors, along with appropriate nutrients, to synthesise compounds identical to naturally occurring insulin. This method is also applied in the production of rennet for cheese and various other valuable products.
Recent developments in engineering biology have revolutionised processes like precision fermentation, allowing for the rapid genetic engineering of microorganisms in a matter of weeks or months. Furthermore, novel bioreactor designs have enhanced cost efficiency, while the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning enables scientists to assess the performance of these innovations before experimental implementation.
CSIRO emphasises the responsible pursuit of innovation, recognising the importance of addressing questions about ethical use, potential risks, and societal impacts. Ensuring that future technologies are developed in alignment with the Australian public’s values and needs is a fundamental principle.
One of CSIRO’s ambitious missions, the “Ending Plastic Waste Mission,” aims to reduce plastic pollution entering the Australian environment by 80% by 2030. Engineering biology plays a pivotal role in achieving this objective by focusing on the cellular level. Cells contain diverse enzymes that serve as catalysts for various chemical reactions.
With engineering biology, CSIRO can engineer cells and microorganisms to produce specific enzymes necessary to accelerate particular chemical processes. This approach provides innovative solutions for plastic recycling, breaking down plastics to their fundamental building blocks, and enabling their reuse in various products.
Additionally, engineering biology contributes to addressing the issue of food waste, with approximately 7.6 million tonnes wasted in Australia annually. Strategies include redistributing surplus food and making production and supply chain improvements. Engineering biology also plays a vital role in transforming food waste into nutritious meals for Australian livestock. Enzymes and black soldier fly larvae are key components in these efforts.
The field of engineering biology brings together experts from diverse disciplines, including AI, molecular biology, chemistry, manufacturing, and social science, all under CSIRO’s leadership. With this interdisciplinary approach, CSIRO is well-positioned to tackle Australia’s most significant challenges and enhance sustainability across various industries.
CSIRO’s commitment to harnessing the potential of engineering biology represents a visionary approach to addressing some of Australia’s most pressing challenges. By embracing the principles of sustainability and responsible innovation, CSIRO is not only revolutionizing traditional processes but also fostering a collaborative environment that draws expertise from a wide spectrum of scientific and technological disciplines. From mitigating plastic waste to tackling food waste, the application of engineering biology showcases the agency’s dedication to enhancing the well-being of both the environment and the Australian public.
Looking ahead, the future of engineering biology promises continued advancements, with CSIRO at the forefront of pioneering breakthroughs that can reshape industries and drive sustainable practices. Through ongoing research, responsible practices, and an unwavering commitment to the betterment of society, CSIRO is poised to lead Australia into an era where nature-inspired solutions and cutting-edge technology harmoniously coexist, ultimately creating a more sustainable and prosperous future for all.
The agency’s legacy of scientific innovation, coupled with its forward-thinking approach, ensures that the impact of engineering biology will resonate far beyond its borders, shaping a brighter tomorrow for Australia and the global community alike.
