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Dr Madeline Green, a researcher at the University of Tasmania’s Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS), has pioneered a groundbreaking and cost-effective technology to address the substantial data gaps in global wild capture fisheries. The Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) reported in 2020 that global wild capture fisheries production reached 90.3 million tonnes, valued at US$141 billion. Despite these figures, Dr Green underscores the critical need for more precise monitoring methods to identify the species being caught and the corresponding catch numbers.
The focus of this innovative approach is the application of DNA sequencing, a method commonly used in forensic investigations. The process involves collecting samples from the brine water found in fishing vessels’ holding tanks. This collected genetic material is then analysed to determine the species of fish present. Dr Green’s team has successfully developed specialised techniques to extract DNA from the traces left behind in the brine water, achieving accurate identification of nearly all species that had been in the holding tank.
This groundbreaking technology has garnered support from Oceankind, providing funding to refine the techniques and scale up the application. The long-term goal is to integrate this molecular monitoring technology across entire fisheries, revolutionising data collection methods and offering valuable insights into the types of catches, including potential illegal ones.
The immediate focus is on species identification, with a stress on the importance of understanding the impact of fisheries on ecosystems. In cases like the Indian Ocean Tuna Fishery, where 50% of sharks taken as bycatch and sold lack proper species identification, this technology becomes paramount. Dr Green points out the lack of knowledge at large scales regarding the types of sharks being caught, hindering a comprehensive understanding of the threat levels to these species.
Beyond its applications in species identification, the technology holds promise for determining catch numbers in the future. Dr Green highlights the accessibility and cost-effectiveness of these methods, particularly beneficial for lower GDP countries with limited capacity for high-tech monitoring solutions. The technology presents an attractive alternative to traditional monitoring approaches like logbooks, observers aboard trips, and patrol vessels, providing a pragmatic and scalable solution.
Dr. Green envisions a broader impact of her work, stating that the results generated by this technology can be instrumental for policymakers and fisheries managers. The data collected can contribute significantly to improving ecosystem health and ensuring the sustainability of fisheries for the future. The early success in accurately identifying species has infused Dr. Green with optimism, as her work transcends mere data collection, becoming a catalyst for positive change in fisheries management and ecosystem conservation.
The DNA sequencing technology for global fisheries monitoring aligns seamlessly with the Australian government’s goals in several key areas. As a nation surrounded by vast coastlines, Australia recognizes the critical importance of sustainable marine practices.
The species identification method contributes directly to the government’s objectives in promoting sustainable fisheries management. The technology’s scalability and affordability make it particularly relevant for Australia’s commitment to aiding lower GDP countries in adopting effective monitoring solutions.
Additionally, the innovation resonates with the government’s focus on leveraging technology for environmental conservation. By enhancing data collection and understanding the impact of fisheries on ecosystems, Dr Green’s breakthrough supports Australia’s broader goals of ensuring ecological health, biodiversity conservation, and responsible resource management, all integral components of the country’s environmental and maritime policies.
