GovTech Singapore conducting international survey on Open Government Data

The Government Technology Agency of Singapore (GovTech) is conducting an international study (survey link) on Open Data with the Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU). This is part of a data.gov.sg (Singapore government’s open data repository) campaign that GovTech is running.

The study seeks to compare open government data initiatives across ten countries (US, UK, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Finland, Mexico, Australia, France and India) to assess the usage and perception of open data in each country.

In response to a query from OpenGov on the selection of the countries, GovTech stated that the 10 countries have been proposed by EIU, based on EIU’s desk research. The selection was based on the countries meeting one or more of the following criteria: recognised leader in open government data, presence of interesting open government data initiatives or geographic location to capture cultural differences.

The study is being conducted through a 5-minute online survey. Regarding the intended audience, GovTech clarified that the survey is targeting people who have some awareness of OGD.

Governments have been collecting and holding huge volumes of some of the most valuable data in the world. The pace has surged with technological developments during the last 10-15 years. Opening up data, so that it can be accessed, analysed and distributed by anyone, within or outside government is essential to unlocking the potential of data. And governments around the world and in the region are working towards opening datasets and boosting their usage.

OGD is helping citizens make more informed decisions in their daily lives. It is allowing developers to make free use of Open Government Data (OGD) to create services and applications to improve the lives of citizens. It can help commuters plan their trips on public transport more easily, monitor the environment, and track performance of educational institutions.

The survey will provide valuable information on the patterns and purposes of data usage, the barriers hindering access and use and what more could governments do to encourage usage of OGD.

‍*Screenshots of sample questions from the survey*

For purposes of the survey, OGD is defined as non-classified and non-personal data and content that can be freely used, modified, and shared by anyone for any purpose.

“Apps” refers to any software applications, either for computers or mobile devices, that use OGD to provide information and services to users.

Please click on the link below to participate:

http://markelytics.dubinterviewer.com/scripts/dubinterviewer.dll/Frames?Quest=90030116

The survey is open until the 20th of April. All respondents will receive a free copy of the survey results from EIU.

Featured image: Tungilik/ CC0 1.0

Singapore Unveils AI Government Cloud Cluster

The Smart Nation and Digital Government Office (SNDGO) and a major cloud computing company have announced the launch of the Artificial Intelligence Government Cloud Cluster (AGCC), a comprehensive platform designed to accelerate AI adoption in Singapore’s public sector, advance local applied AI research efforts and support the growth of the local AI startup ecosystem.

The AGCC has been implemented by SNDGO and the cloud tech company for usage by Singapore’s government agencies and the research, innovation, and enterprise (RIE) ecosystem. The AGCC is hosted in Singapore in a specialised cloud computing environment.

Agencies can use the AGCC to build and deploy scalable and impactful AI applications rapidly, safely, ethically, and cost-effectively by leveraging an AI technology stack and a vast partner ecosystem of software-as-a-service firms, consultancies, and AI startups. AI technology stack capabilities include:

First, an AI-optimised infrastructure. High-performance A2 supercomputers powered by NVIDIA’s A100 GPUs and hosted in an open, scalable, secure, and energy-efficient infrastructure. This enables cloud developers to train computationally complex AI models at fast speeds while minimising costs and environmental impact.

Customisable first-party, third-party, and open-source AI models follow. A central repository enabling AI practitioners to access pre-trained generative AI models, with built-in features to assist users in customising these models for specific requirements.

The repository contains a wide range of first-party, third-party, and open-source models designed for certain needs. These include models for summarising and translating text in different languages, sustaining an ongoing discussion, converting audio to text, producing, and modifying software code, and generating and repairing written descriptions.

International AI businesses interested in making their foundation models available to Singapore government departments can collaborate with the Cloud computing company to store these models in the repository.

Another category is no-code AI development tools. A Generative AI App Builder enabling developers (especially those with limited technical expertise) to swiftly construct and seamlessly embed chatbots and enterprise search experiences driven by Cloud’s generative AI models.

Finally, there are explainable AI and data governance toolkits. A set of built-in technologies that can assist government agencies in using AI in a secure and responsible manner. This includes features for access control and content moderation, as well as novel mechanisms for incorporating human feedback to improve model performance and the ability to audit the sources of AI model outputs to detect and resolve potential bias and ensure that model behaviour is compliant with regulations.

The Government Technology Agency (GovTech) is Singapore’s first public-sector organisation to use the AGCC. Its Open Government Products (OGP) team has integrated with Vertex AI and is investigating the use of its models in Pair, which are large language model-powered assistants that civil servants can use to help them boost productivity while maintaining the confidentiality of government information.

To help government agencies deploy AI applications as effectively and responsibly as possible, the Cloud tech company will collaborate with GovTech to design and run whole-of-government Digital Academy programmes that will assist agencies in developing in-house data science and AI expertise, developing AI innovation strategies, and implementing data governance best practices.

The programmes will be delivered in a variety of specialised formats to 150,000 public servants from 16 ministries and over 50 statutory boards.

Government agencies in Singapore will be able to use the AGCC and other authorised services through the Government on Commercial Cloud (GCC) 2.0 platform beginning in June 2023. The GCC platform, developed by GovTech, offers agencies a standardised and regulated means to implement commercial cloud solutions.

GCC 2.0, the platform’s second generation, is integrated with cloud-native capabilities and cloud security practices, enabling agencies to access into a larger ecosystem of services and people to accelerate the development of new digital applications.

Australia: Renewed Collaboration for Sustainable Transport

Australia’s Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government and the Governor of Michigan jointly renewed and expanded cooperation between Australia and Michigan to foster collaborative efforts in preparing for a transport future that prioritises environmental sustainability, safety, enhanced connectivity, and improved accessibility for communities.

The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) will serve as the foundation for continued collaboration between the automotive and technology sectors of Australia and Michigan, as well as policymakers from both regions.

The Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) highlights the shared dedication of the individual and Governor Gretchen Whitmer to address climate change by reducing emissions in the transport sector. It emphasises the importance of fostering collaboration in developing future technologies and enhancing supply chain connectivity within the sector.

Similar to Michigan, Australia has made a commitment to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. This MOU will facilitate future collaboration between the two jurisdictions, ensuring that the transport sector actively contributes to the overall goal of emissions reduction.

New and emerging transport technologies have the potential to enhance accessibility, safety, reduce congestion, and increase productivity. Recognising the significance of these advancements, the Australian Minister stated that the government assumes a strategic leadership role in facilitating the safe and lawful adoption of such technologies in Australia. In this endeavour, Michigan, known as a longstanding global hub for automotive industry innovation, becomes an important international partner in further advancing its collaborative efforts in the field of transport technology.

Importantly, within the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), Australia’s commitment to enhancing the engagement of First Nations businesses in the automotive sector, including future transport business opportunities, is outlined.

This commitment aligns with the Albanese Government’s dedication to ensuring that Australia’s foreign policy reflects the country’s complete identity. The continuation of the collaboration between Australia and Michigan is eagerly anticipated, as it will contribute to the achievement of a better and safer transport future that forms the foundation of prosperity for both regions.

Smart transport, also known as intelligent transport, refers to an advanced infrastructure for transportation that aims to offer innovative services for managing traffic and transport. It encompasses various applications like parking management and guidance, passenger information, and traffic control. The global smart transportation market is anticipated to expand to US$251.0 billion by 2030, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.2% from 2021 to 2030.

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) are advanced applications that provide ground-breaking services for transportation and traffic management. These systems allow multiple users to be better coordinated and informed through the use of technologies such as car navigation, traffic signal control systems, speed cameras, and real-time data analysis. Achieving this intelligent transportation information involves enhancing infrastructure, implementing sustainable fuels for public transport vehicles, and efficiently providing mobility services in rapidly growing cities.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the transportation industry, causing widespread uncertainty and disruption. Despite these challenges, market players in the smart transportation industry have embraced innovative strategies to capitalise on growth opportunities. There is a growing demand for effective traffic management systems and improved transportation infrastructure to ensure passenger safety.

As the world gradually recovers and implements new restrictions and policies, the transportation sector, particularly in the retail industry, is expected to witness a significant recovery. This recovery, coupled with technological advancements in vehicle safety, is likely to have a positive impact on the smart transportation market.

Moreover, the advent of cloud-based technologies and advancements in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-grid infrastructure (V2I) have facilitated the realisation of smart transportation. These technologies are designed to offer ground-breaking services in various aspects of transportation and traffic management. They empower users to access improved information and use transport networks more safely and efficiently.

India: University Implements AI/ML for Efficient Tracking

State-run Osmania University in Hyderabad has embraced artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) to revolutionise its attendance marking process. Now, the tedious waiting to sign attendance registers or use biometric systems is no longer required. Employees simply need to enter the building, and their attendance will be automatically recorded. This is made possible through CCTV cameras equipped with AI and ML technologies, which accurately mark employees’ attendance, log-in and log-out times, as well as their entry and exit from the building.

The functionality of these cameras relies on an integrated facial recognition system. Leveraging cognitive AI capabilities, they identify facial biometrics and synchronise them with the current database to accurately document employee attendance. This innovative solution has been implemented as a pilot project in the main administrative building of the university for its employees. In the future, the university plans to expand the deployment of these cameras to other campus facilities, including offices, classrooms, and hostels.

According to an official from the university, under the manual system, employees often mark their attendance in the morning, leave the office, and return later to record their log-out time. However, with the implementation of CCTV camera-based attendance, this process will undergo a significant change. The cameras continuously capture movement and simultaneously store employees’ log details, eliminating the need for manual recording. To achieve this, AI and ML technologies have been integrated into two cameras.

Additionally, the official noted that the CCTV cameras also capture the log-in information of visitors entering the administrative building. This means that the log details of all visitors are systematically recorded in the database, providing a comprehensive attendance tracking system.

The introduction of CCTV-based attendance eliminates the need for manual attendance registers or time-consuming biometric systems, streamlining the entire process. Students simply need to enter the designated areas covered by CCTV cameras, and their attendance is promptly recorded. This not only saves time but also reduces the chances of errors or misinterpretations.

Moreover, these AI-powered cameras not only capture the presence of students but also provide additional functionalities. Some universities have integrated facial recognition systems to ensure authentication and prevent proxy attendance. The cameras analyse facial biometrics, matching them against the existing database to ensure accurate identification. It can also enable the university to track attendance patterns, identify areas that require improvement, and take proactive measures to enhance student engagement and performance.

Most educational institutions across the country are embracing the advancements brought by AI. Numerous schools and colleges have incorporated AI-based learning techniques to simplify the process of education and effectively teach intricate subjects to students. Additionally, AI’s adaptable learning methods assist teachers in providing personalised attention to each student.

Last year, the Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT-Madras) and the Tamil Nadu State Department of School Education announced they would collaborate to improve and update the digital learning platform for school students to an assessment-focused Learning Management System. It was deployed in high-tech labs in 6,000 government schools, as OpenGov Asia reported. It aimed to improve the quality of learning for around nine million students.

Education in Tamil Nadu’s schools was previously supplemented through a digital learning platform called the Education Management Information System. Researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology Madras used their AI and data science expertise to come up with ways to improve the way assessments are conducted and develop a framework to disseminate educational material.

U.S: Enhancing Autonomous Machine Learning

When in the learning process, humans are nurtured by teachers or mentors to acquire knowledge more quickly. Students can grasp when the teacher showed a good or substandard example. Additionally, they can only imitate the teacher’s actions precisely if they exert greater effort to achieve the same level of proficiency. Just like humans, computer scientists can also use “teacher” systems to train another machine to complete a task.

Researchers from MIT and Technion, the Israel Institute of Technology, have embarked on developing an algorithm that automatically and independently determines when the student should mimic the teacher (imitation learning) and when it should learn through trial and error (reinforcement learning). The researchers made the machine learn from other machines without a third party anymore to teach, causing it to save a lot of time and energy.

Several current approaches attempting to find a middle ground between imitation learning and reinforcement learning often rely on a laborious process of brute force trial-and-error. Researchers select a weighted blend of the two learning methods, execute the entire training procedure, and iterate the process multiple times to discover the optimal balance. However, this approach is inefficient and often incurs substantial computational costs, rendering it impractical in many cases.

When the researchers embarked on their simulation, it was proved that the combination of trial and error learning allowed students to learn faster and more efficiently than the imitating methodology, as the student can explore more in many ways. By simulating the combination methodology, which uses the experiment and exploration by the student itself, students can combine dots that intersect to produce a comprehensive conclusion.

“Integrating trial-and-error learning and following a teacher yields a remarkable synergy. It grants our algorithm the capability to tackle highly challenging tasks that cannot be effectively addressed by employing either approach independently,” said Idan Shenfeld, an electrical engineering and computer science (EECS) graduate student and Lead Author of a paper on this technique.

The innovative approach enables the student machine to deviate from imitating the teacher’s behaviour when the teacher’s performance is either good or not good. However, the student can later revert to mimicking the teacher’s actions during the training process if it proves to be more beneficial, leading to improved outcomes and accelerated learning.

The proposed approach entails training two separate students. The first student is taught using a combination of reinforcement learning and imitation learning, with the learning process being guided by various techniques.

On the other hand, the second student is trained solely using reinforcement learning, relying exclusively on this approach to learn the same task, minimising the need for extensive parameter adjustments, and delivering exceptional performance.

To give their algorithm an even more difficult test, a simulated environment was established, involving a robotic hand equipped with touch sensors but without visual perception. The objective was to reorient the pen to the correct position. The teacher solely accessed real-time orientation data, while the student relied on touch sensors to determine the pen’s orientation.

Rishabh Agarwal, Director of a private research laboratory in the US and an assistant professor in the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory underscores that the ability to reorient objects is just one example of the various manipulation tasks that a future household robot would be required to accomplish. “This research introduces a compelling method, leveraging previous computational efforts in reinforcement learning.”

“I am very optimist about future possibilities of applying this work to ease our life with tactile sensing,” Abhishek Gupta, an Assistant Professor at the University of Washington, concluded.

Singapore’s Digital Solutions for Advance Care Planning

According to Masagos Zulkifli, Second Minister for Health at the recently concluded 8th Advance Care Planning International Conference, person-centred care includes prioritising the patient’s choices and involving the patient and their family in care decisions. As a result, advance care planning (ACP) allows individuals to communicate their enhanced healthcare preferences.

ACP has been adopted in Singapore under the Advance Medical Directive Act and the Mental Capacity Act. Over 35,000 Singaporeans have completed their plans under the “Living Matters” programme, which promotes ACP.

In the future, the Ministry of Health hopes to raise awareness and acceptance of ACP, which has earned global prominence for aligning care with individual beliefs.

Minister Masagos noted that three issues must be overcome to promote the wider adoption of ACP. To begin, Singapore’s traditional society requires a mindset shift to normalise dialogues about death and dying, particularly among the elderly.

Second, additional facilitators, particularly trustworthy doctors, should be included to effectively engage the community. Finally, the present ACP facilitation approach requires an improved structure that can accommodate a larger group without losing quality.

In addition, technology should be used to reach out to digitally literate populations and increase scalability. Overcoming these obstacles will allow ACP to gain wider support and implementation in Singapore.

The Ministry of Health hopes to improve accessibility and ease in the ACP process as Singapore embraces technology. Individuals can now complete their ACP autonomously, without the necessity for in-depth talks with facilitators, thanks to the use of digital technologies, especially for those who are generally healthy.

This transition to digital solutions tackles the scalability and resource intensity issues that have plagued traditional ACP facilitation. It also serves a growing generation of digitally literate consumers who want more control over their healthcare decisions.

The ACP community must work with the healthcare system’s continuing improvements, particularly the Healthier SG project, which emphasises preventive care. Key shifts are required to enhance ACP knowledge and implementation.

Also, a societal mindset shift is required, which includes outreach, providing ACP outside of clinical settings, and establishing a statewide Pre-Planning Campaign. Roadshows, workshops, and a digital campaign on the My Legacy site will be part of this effort.

Individuals can use this gateway to get extensive information about ACP, start conversations, and make informed decisions about their life preferences. These programmes not only empower individuals but also promote early planning, ensuring that their values and priorities fit with their care goals.

Individuals and their families will benefit from these efforts, which aim to stimulate talks and early planning for end-of-life care. It is critical to begin these discussions and make the appropriate arrangements, including as purchasing insurance and establishing a durable power of attorney and wills.

Two critical shifts must occur for ACP to be widely adopted. First, healthcare personnel should be encouraged to incorporate ACP dialogues into routine treatment, giving them the knowledge and ability to discuss end-of-life planning with their patients.

This involves starting early dialogues with people who have significant illnesses about how to connect their care plans with their values. Second, to improve the ease, the ACP procedure should be digitalised.

While third-party facilitators are still required in some circumstances, digitally savvy persons who are relatively healthy can self-facilitate the broad ACP without in-depth conversations. Citizens can empower themselves to finish the ACP process independently by leveraging technology and digital platforms.

Unlocking AI’s Potential for Accelerated Drug Development

The University of Sydney recently entered into a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with the Australian subsidiary of a pharmaceutical company based in South Korea. The partnership aims to leverage the power of artificial intelligence in identifying potential compounds for accelerated development into treatments for cancers and rare diseases.

Under the MoU, the University’s Drug Discovery Initiative will gain access to the pharmaceutical company’s advanced AI drug development platform, known as Chemiverse. This collaboration will enable the University to harness the capabilities of AI in identifying promising compounds for drug development. Additionally, the company will benefit from collaborating with the University’s esteemed team of researchers and using their cutting-edge drug discovery infrastructure.

The Director of the Drug Discovery Initiative expressed enthusiasm about the collaboration with the company. He highlighted the complexity involved in developing drugs for treating diseases and emphasised the significance of working with Pharos and their advanced artificial intelligence platform, Chemiverse.

The use of Chemiverse in this partnership is expected to greatly enhance the University’s capacity to develop innovative treatments for unmet medical needs. Moreover, the synergies between the platform and the Drug Discovery Initiative will foster innovation and facilitate the establishment of new drug discovery pipelines.

The Drug Discovery Initiative, situated within the School of Chemistry, serves as an interdisciplinary academic network that aims to expedite the early-stage development of drugs by leveraging top-tier individuals, technologies, and tools.

The Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Research Enterprise) emphasised the University’s dedication to translating fundamental research into practical solutions. The partnership with the company is viewed as an opportunity to capitalise on the expertise housed within the Drug Discovery Initiative. Together, they strive to advance the development of potentially life-saving targets for cancer and rare diseases.

The co-CEO of the company’s Australia branch expressed excitement about collaborating with the University and the Drug Discovery Initiative. He said the use of state-of-the-art infrastructure to accelerate drug discovery efforts.

The firm’s Chemiverse platform is a versatile tool that can be employed across the entire spectrum of new drug development, encompassing target discovery to lead compound generation. This advanced platform incorporates a vast amount of big data, approximately 230 million data points, and uses advanced algorithms to facilitate the drug development process.

The company is actively engaged in ongoing research and development as well as commercialisation efforts using the Chemiverse platform. They are currently working on approximately 10 pipeline projects, which include the development of a treatment called “PHI-101” for acute myeloid leukaemia. Notably, PHI-101 is currently undergoing phase 1b clinical trials.

On the other hand, the Drug Discovery Initiative plays a prominent role in the development of new compounds and the identification of collaborative pipelines. They are highly active in their pursuit of advancing drug discovery and forging partnerships in this field.

In March, the NSW Government provided funding for the establishment of the NSW Organoid Innovation Centre. This state-of-the-art facility is a collaborative initiative involving multiple institutions. It focuses on using cutting-edge stem-cell techniques to expedite the process of drug discovery and design.

The pharmaceutical company, earlier this year, became a part of the Sydney Knowledge Hub, which serves as a startup incubator and coworking space located at the University of Sydney. This strategic collaboration aims to foster partnerships and facilitate seamless collaboration between industry and the research community in Sydney.

Vietnam’s Approach to Child Safety in the Digital Age

In light of the risks posed by the advancement of information technology and the internet, the government, state, and the entire political system have taken significant measures to enhance the safeguarding of children within the online environment.

According to UNICEF, children are increasingly exposed to various risks, including the concerning issue of cyberbullying. The agency reports that one in five young individuals have experienced online bullying.

Reports have shown that the national emergency telephone number for child protection, 111, received nearly 420 calls about child protection in the online environment and 18 notifications about channels or video clips with harmful content for children in 2022. The figures in the first five months of this year were 128 calls and three notifications.

An expert from UNICEF’s children’s protection programme said that strategies to address cyber-bullying and abuse should be part of the broader child protection strategies. Cooperation and coordination among stakeholders are key to success in this work.

The Guidelines for Industry on Child Online Protection, developed by UNICEF and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), serve as a framework for businesses. These guidelines offer solutions that businesses can adopt to ensure the protection and well-being of children, while also promoting a healthy and creative internet experience for children themselves.

Dang Hoa Nam, Director of the Department of Child Affairs under the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs, emphasised the importance of collective efforts in establishing a digital environment that is both safer and healthier for children. He highlighted the significance of drawing from both domestic and international experiences to implement targeted and practical measures aimed at ensuring children’s safety in the online realm.

Vietnam has established a comprehensive legal framework to protect children in the digital sphere, including laws such as the Law on Children, the Law on Cyber Information Security, and the Law on Access to Information. These laws provide a crucial legal foundation for child protection initiatives.

To safeguard children in the online environment, the government and the Prime Minister have issued several significant documents. These include the National Action Programme for Children in the 2021-2030 period and the programme on protection of and support for children.

Furthermore, Vietnam, alongside other ASEAN member nations, has collectively endorsed crucial agreements to protect children’s welfare online. This includes the adoption of the Declaration on the Protection of Children from all Forms of Online Exploitation and Abuse in ASEAN in 2019, as well as the Declaration on the Elimination of Bullying of Children in ASEAN.

The Authority of Information Security under the Ministry of Information and Communications (MIC) and several city Information and Communications Departments held a conference earlier this May on the launch and evaluation of the national cyber security and safety strategy. The event was held in Ha Long City.

As OpenGov Asia reported, servers are the primary targets of cyber-attacks in the country, aimed at stealing passwords and data. Last year in Vietnam, computer viruses resulted in economic losses amounting to VND 21.2 trillion (US$ 903 million). To ensure cybersecurity, MIC collaborated with various agencies to conduct three nationwide security exercises. The authority directly prevented over 3,600 fraudulent websites, safeguarding nearly 4 million people or approximately 6% of internet users.

Vietnam has set a goal to establish a cybersecurity research and development centre, safeguard information systems in 11 critical sectors, and establish cybersecurity forces at ministries, sectors, and state agencies by 2025.

June 3, 2023

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GovTech Singapore conducting international survey on Open Government Data

Singapore Unveils AI Government Cloud Cluster

Australia: Renewed Collaboration for Sustainable Transport

India: University Implements AI/ML for Efficient Tracking

U.S: Enhancing Autonomous Machine Learning

Singapore’s Digital Solutions for Advance Care Planning

Unlocking AI’s Potential for Accelerated Drug Development

Vietnam’s Approach to Child Safety in the Digital Age

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