Engineers in Melbourne have used sound waves to boost the production of green hydrogen by 14 times, through electrolysis to split water. They note that the invention offers a promising way to tap into a plentiful supply of cheap hydrogen fuel for transportation and other sectors, which could radically reduce carbon emissions and help fight climate change.
By using high-frequency vibrations to “divide and conquer” individual water molecules during electrolysis, the team managed to split the water molecules to release 14 times more hydrogen compared with standard electrolysis techniques.
Electrolysis involves electricity running through water with two electrodes to split water molecules into oxygen and hydrogen gases, which appear as bubbles. This process produces green hydrogen, which represents just a small fraction of hydrogen production globally due to the high energy required. Most hydrogen is produced from splitting natural gas, known as blue hydrogen, which emits greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
Associate Professor Amgad Rezk from RMIT’s School of Engineering, who led the work, said the team’s innovation tackles big challenges for green hydrogen production. He said that one of the main challenges with electrolysis is the high cost of electrode materials used, such as platinum or iridium.
With sound waves making it much easier to extract hydrogen from water, it eliminates the need to use corrosive electrolytes and expensive electrodes such as platinum or iridium. As water is not a corrosive electrolyte, we can use much cheaper electrode materials such as silver, he noted.
The ability to use low-cost electrode materials and avoiding the use of highly corrosive electrolytes were game-changers for lowering the costs of producing green hydrogen, Rezk said. The research is published in Advanced Energy Materials. An Australian provisional patent application has been filed to protect the new technology.
The project’s first author and a PhD researcher at RMIT’s School of Engineering, Yemima Ehrnst, said the sound waves also prevented the build-up of hydrogen and oxygen bubbles on the electrodes, which greatly improved its conductivity and stability.
She noted that electrode materials used in electrolysis suffer from hydrogen and oxygen gas build-up, forming a gas layer that minimises the electrodes’ activity and significantly reduces its performance. As part of their experiments, the team measured the amount of hydrogen produced through electrolysis with and without sound waves from the electrical output.
The electrical output of the electrolysis with sound waves was about 14 times greater than electrolysis without them, for a given input voltage. This was equivalent to the amount of hydrogen produced.
Potential applications of the tech
Distinguished Professor Leslie Yeo, one of the lead senior researchers, said the team’s breakthrough opened the door to using this new acoustic platform for other applications, especially where bubble build-up on the electrodes was a challenge.
The team’s ability to suppress bubble build-up on the electrodes and rapidly remove them through high-frequency vibrations represents a major advance in electrode conductivity and stability. With their method, the team can potentially improve the conversion efficiency leading to a net-positive energy saving of 27%.
Looking ahead
While the innovation is promising, the team needs to overcome challenges with integrating the sound-wave innovation with existing electrolysers to scale up the work. The team is looking to collaborate with industry partners to boost and complement their existing electrolyser technology and integrate it into existing processes and systems.
